Toxoplasma gondii

Liu, Qi; Wang, Fuwu; Wang, Guan; Zhao, Qian; Min, Juan; Wang, Shuai; Cong, Hua; Li, Ying; He, Shenyi; Zhou, Huaiyu

doi:10.4161/hv.26703

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…), chemokines, and costimulatory molecules (B7-1, B7-2, etc.) as adjuvant, could boost the effectiveness of DNA vaccines [ 24 33 46 51 71 79 80 81 ]. For instance, IL-21 synergizes with IL-15 to enhance the generation of CD8 + memory T cells and NK cell activity.…”

Section: Dna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in microneme-based vaccines development againstToxoplasma gondii

Foroutan

Ghaffarifar

2018

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic disease, which infect several warm-blooded mammals. More than one-third of the human population are seropositive worldwide. Due to the high seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection worldwide, the resulting clinical, mental, and economical complications, as well as incapability of current drugs in the elimination of parasites within tissue cysts, the development of a vaccine against T. gondii would be critical. In the past decades, valuable advances have been achieved in order to identification of vaccine candidates against T. gondii infection. Microneme proteins (MICs) secreted by the micronemes play a critical role in the initial stages of host cell invasion by parasites. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress for MIC-based vaccines development, such as DNA vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines, vaccines based on live-attenuated vectors, and prime-boost strategy in different mouse models. In conclusion, the use of live-attenuated vectors as vehicles to deliver and express the target gene and prime-boost regimens showed excellent outcomes in the development of vaccines against toxoplasmosis, which need more attention in the future studies.

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Section: Dna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in microneme-based vaccines development againstToxoplasma gondii

Foroutan

Ghaffarifar

2018

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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“…In recent years, owing to the easy production and low cost of DNA vaccines and the fact that DNA vaccines can elicit long-lasting humoral and cellular immune responses, the development of effective DNA vaccines has emerged as an active research field in the fight against toxoplasmosis [ 22 , 30 , 31 ]. Numerous studies have evaluated the protective efficacy of different antigens, such as SAG4, GRA15, MIC13, ROP18, NTPase II, TrxLp, and ENO2 [ 18 , 24 , 32 – 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model

Chu

Huang

et al. 2018

Korean J Parasitol

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Toxoplasma gondii is an apicomplexan zoonotic protozoan parasite that infects most species of warm-blooded animals, including humans. The heavy incidence and severe or lethal damage caused by T. gondii infection clearly indicate a need for the development of an effective vaccine. T. gondii GRA8 is a member of the dense granules protein family and is used as a marker of acute infection. In the present study, we evaluated the protective immunity induced by DNA vaccination based on a recombinant eukaryotic plasmid, pDsRed2-GRA8, against acute toxoplasmosis in mice. BALB/c mice were intramuscularly immunized with the pDsRed2-GRA8 plasmid and then challenged by infection with the highly virulent GFP-RH strain of T. gondii. The specific immune responses and protective efficacy against T. gondii of this vaccine were analyzed by measuring cytokine and serum antibody titers, splenocyte proliferation assays, and the survival times of mice after challenge. Our results showed that mice immunized with pDsRed2-GRA8 demonstrated specific humoral and cellular responses, induced higher IgG antibody titers with predominant IgG2a production; increased levels of IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IFN-γ, TNF-α, and splenocyte proliferation; and prolonged survival times compared to those of control mice. The present study showed that DNA immunization with pDsRed2-GRA8 induced humoral and cellular immune responses, and all immunized mice showed greater Th1-type immune responses and longer survival times than those of control mice. These results indicated that T. gondii GRA8 DNA immunization induces a partial protective effect against acute toxoplasmosis.

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“…However, the role of CD8 + T cells and IFN-γ are evident to be more substantial to limit infection [1982]. It has been reported that DNA vaccination with ROP5, ROP9, ROP16, ROP17, ROP18, and ROP38 strongly increased the percentages of CD4 + T and CD8 + cells in immunized mice [475262678788].…”

Section: Dna Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhoptry antigens asToxoplasma gondiivaccine target

Foroutan

Ghaffarifar

Sharifi

et al. 2019

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

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Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic infection, caused by a unicellular protozoan parasite known as Toxoplasma gondii that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa. It is estimated that over one-third of the world's population has been exposed and are latently infected with the parasite. In humans, toxoplasmosis is predominantly asymptomatic in immunocompetent persons, while among immunocompromised individuals may be cause severe and progressive complications with poor prognosis. Moreover, seronegative pregnant mothers are other risk groups for acquiring the infection. The life cycle of T. gondii is very complex, indicating the presence of a plurality of antigenic epitopes. Despite of great advances, recognize and construct novel vaccines for prevent and control of toxoplasmosis in both humans and animals is still remains a great challenge for researchers to select potential protein sequences as the ideal antigens. Notably, in several past years, constant efforts of researchers have made considerable advances to elucidate the different aspects of the cell and molecular biology of T. gondii mainly on microneme antigens, dense granule antigens, surface antigens, and rhoptry proteins (ROP). These attempts thereby provided great impetus to the present focus on vaccine development, according to the defined subcellular components of the parasite. Although, currently there is no commercial vaccine for use in humans. Among the main identified T. gondii antigens, ROPs appear as a putative vaccine candidate that are vital for invasion procedure as well as survival within host cells. Overall, it is estimated that they occupy about 1%–30% of the total parasite cell volume. In this review, we have summarized the recent progress of ROP-based vaccine development through various strategies from DNA vaccines, epitope or multi epitope-based vaccines, recombinant protein vaccines to vaccines based on live-attenuated vectors and prime-boost strategies in different mouse models.

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Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Recent progress in microneme-based vaccines development againstToxoplasma gondii

Recent progress in microneme-based vaccines development againstToxoplasma gondii

Evaluation of Protective Immune Response Induced by a DNA Vaccine Encoding GRA8 against Acute Toxoplasmosis in a Murine Model

Rhoptry antigens asToxoplasma gondiivaccine target

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