Toxoplasma gondii 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein: Systemic Detection Is Associated with the Death of the Parasites by the Immune Response and Its Increased Expression in the Brain Is Associated with Parasite Replication

Czarnewski, Paulo; Lourenço, Elaine; Cunha-Júnior, Jair P.; Almeida, Karine Cristine de; Roque-Barreira, Maria Cristina; Silva, Deise Aparecida Oliveira; Araújo, Ester Cristina Borges; Coutinho, Loyane Bertagnolli; Oliveira, Mário Cézar de; Mineo, Tiago Wilson Patriarca; Silva, Neide Maria

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096527

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…T. gondii HSP70 (T.g.HSP70) is a tachyzoite-specific virulent molecule (19)(20)(21)(22)(23). The level of T.g.HSP70 expression greatly increases just before host death (21), and this molecule has deleterious effects on disease development and host defense mechanisms by (i) inducing a platelet-activating factor (PAF)-mediated lethal anaphylactic reaction in the T. gondii-infected host (24-26); (ii) downregulating nitric oxide (NO) production, which is an important parasiticidal mechanism (21,22); and (iii) enhancing the production of anti-HSP70 autoantibody from B1 cells, which accelerates pathogen growth (27,28).…”

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confidence: 99%

Interleukin-17A-Deficient Mice Are Highly Susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii Infection Due to Excessively Induced T. gondii HSP70 and Interferon Gamma Production

et al. 2017

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Interleukin17A (IL-17A) is known to be involved in the host defense against pathogens and the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Previously, we showed that excessive amounts of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) play an important role in the pathogenesis of the lethal effects of by inducing anaphylactic responses. In the study described in this report, we examined the effects of IL-17A deficiency on murine host defense against oral infection. IL-17A-deficient C57BL/6 (B6) mice exhibited higher rates of mortality than wild-type (WT) mice during the acute phase of infection. CD4 T cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) and ileum of -infected IL-17A-deficient mice produced higher levels of IFN-γ than did those of WT mice. In addition, the level of HSP70 (HSP70) expression was also significantly increased in the ileum, mLNs, liver, and spleen of infected IL-17A-deficient mice compared with that in WT mice. These elevated levels of expression of HSP70 and IFN-γ in infected IL-17A-deficient mice were presumably linked to the IL-17A defect since they decreased to WT levels after treatment with recombinant IL-17A. Furthermore, IL-17A-deficient mice were highly susceptible to the anaphylactic effect ofHSP70, and the survival of IL-17A-deficient mice during the acute phase was improved by treatment with an anti-HSP70 monoclonal antibody. These results suggest that IL-17A plays an important role in host survival against infection by protecting the host from an anaphylactic reaction via the downregulation ofHSP70 and IFN-γ production.

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confidence: 99%

Interleukin-17A-Deficient Mice Are Highly Susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii Infection Due to Excessively Induced T. gondii HSP70 and Interferon Gamma Production

et al. 2017

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“…The tissue parasitism was evaluated in the organs by immunohistochemistry as previously described [28]. Deparaffinized sections were incubated at room temperature with phosphate buffered saline plus 3% non-fat milk (Nestlé, São Paulo, Brazil) to reduce nonspecific binding, and then incubated at 4 • C overnight with polyclonal anti-T. gondii serum obtained from Swiss mice infected with ME-49 strain diluted in 0.01% saponin.…”

Section: Immunohistochemical Analysis For Detection Of Tissue Parasitismmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Availability of Iron Is Involved in the Murine Experimental Toxoplasma gondii Infection Outcome

et al. 2020

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Iron is an important constituent of our environment, being necessary for both mammalian and pathogenic protozoa survival. Iron-containing proteins exert a wide range of biological processes such as biodegradation and biosynthesis, as well as immune function, fetal development, and physical and mental well-being. This work aimed to investigate the effect of iron deprivation in Toxoplasma gondii infection outcome. C57BL/6 mice were orally infected with T. gondii and treated with an iron chelator, deferoxamine, or supplemented with iron (ferrous sulfate), and the parasitism as well as immunological and histological parameters were analyzed. It was observed that the infection increased iron accumulation in the organs, as well as systemically, and deferoxamine treatment diminished the iron content in serum samples and intestine. The deferoxamine treatment decreased the parasitism and inflammatory alterations in the small intestine and lung. Additionally, they partially preserved the Paneth cells and decreased the intestinal dysbiosis. The ferrous sulfate supplementation, despite not significantly increasing the parasite load in the organs, increased the inflammatory alterations in the liver. Together, our results suggest that iron chelation, which is commonly used to treat iron overload, could be a promising medicine to control T. gondii proliferation, mainly in the small intestine, and consequently inflammation caused by infection.

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“…Studying the heat shock protein of T. gondii (TgHSP70), a parasite virulence factor that is expressed during parasite stage conversion, Barenco et al [110] produced a polyclonal IgY against the recombinant TgHSP70 and tested it to detect native heat shock protein in brain samples from T. gondii-infection resistant (BALB/c) and susceptible (C57BL/6) mice after dexamethasone (DXM)-induced infection reactivation. In parallel, they investigated the TgHSP70-specific humoral response.…”

Section: State Of Art the Use Of Igy For Toxoplasma Gondii Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgY-Technology Applied to Studies of Toxoplasma gondii Infection

Júnior¹,

Santos²,

Bassi³

et al. 2017

Toxoplasmosis

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In this chapter, we describe relevant aspects of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) technology for Toxoplasma gondii applications, including comparison of avian IgY antibody with mammalian IgG antibody, egg yolk IgY production and isolation procedures, important applications for IgY antibody, and state of the art and perspectives for IgY-technology in T. gondii studies. T. gondii is a worldwide public health problem. IgY-technology provides an alternative antibody (IgY) to mammalian Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody. IgY-technology involves the chicken immunization, yolk IgY isolation, antibody characterization, and purified IgY application to several kinds of methods. Immunized chicken transfers a specific IgY from blood to egg yolk. Phylogenetic distance between chickens and mammals influences the generation of antibody repertoires recognizing an antigen profile. IgY is not bound to rheumatoid factor or mammalian complement protein and thus avoids the false-positive results. Yolk IgY isolation is carried out by simple procedures that are accessible for any laboratory and, also, for IgY isolation at large-scale production. IgY-technology provides antibodies for proteomic studies, diagnostic assays, and immunotherapy. Although IgY-technology is promising, there is a reduced number of investigations with IgY and T. gondii. Future perspectives involve the use of IgY-technology for the screening of new T. gondii antigens for diagnostics, therapy, or vaccine, development of innovative techniques for toxoplasmosis diagnostics and may be an immunotherapy for toxoplasmosis.

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Toxoplasma gondii 70 kDa Heat Shock Protein: Systemic Detection Is Associated with the Death of the Parasites by the Immune Response and Its Increased Expression in the Brain Is Associated with Parasite Replication

Cited by 15 publications

References 52 publications

Interleukin-17A-Deficient Mice Are Highly Susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii Infection Due to Excessively Induced T. gondii HSP70 and Interferon Gamma Production

Interleukin-17A-Deficient Mice Are Highly Susceptible to Toxoplasma gondii Infection Due to Excessively Induced T. gondii HSP70 and Interferon Gamma Production

The Availability of Iron Is Involved in the Murine Experimental Toxoplasma gondii Infection Outcome

IgY-Technology Applied to Studies of Toxoplasma gondii Infection

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