Toxoplasma gondii

Hill, Dolores E.; Dubey, J. P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-67664-7_6

Cited by 34 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…In the third NHANES dataset, 20 percent of the sample were seropositive for T. gondii, whereas 11 percent were seropositive in the continuous NHANES datasets. While this apparent decline in T. gondii seropositivity in the US is consistent with other reports (Hill et al 2007, Jones et al 2014 and suggests that the prevalence of T. gondii seropositivity might be decreasing in the US, methodological differences between the two datasets make direct comparisons of T. gondii seroprevalence difficult. Changes in the cutoff points to determine T. gondii seropositivity might account for some of the difference in T. gondii seropositivity between the two datasets.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and substance use in US adults

et al. 2018

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The intracellular parasite Toxoplasma gondii (Nicolle et Manceaux, 1908) infects humans resulting in acute toxoplasmosis, an infection that in immunocompetent people is typically mild but results in persistent latent toxoplasmosis. In that T. gondii appears to affect dopamine synthesis and because addicting drugs affect midbrain dopamine transmission, latent toxoplasmosis could influence substance use. Using both the third and continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, we used logistic regression to test for associations between T. gondii seropositivity and subject self-report of having ever used tobacco, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, or methamphetamine. In the third NHANES dataset, which included data for tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine, T. gondii seropositivity was associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported marijuana (OR = 0.71 [95% CI: 0.58; 0.87]; p = 0.001) and cocaine use (OR = 0.72 [95% CI: 0.56; 0.91]; p = 0.006). In the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys dataset, which included data for all six substances, T. gondii seropositivity was associated with a reduced likelihood of self-reported tobacco (OR = 0.87 [95% CI: 0.76; 1.00]; p = 0.044), marijuana (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.50; 0.72]; p < 0.001), heroin (OR = 0.60 [95% CI: 0.42; 0.85]; p = 0.005) and methamphetamine use (OR = 0.54 [95% CI: 0.38; 0.77]; p = 0.001). We observed interactions between sex and T. gondii seropositivity in the prediction of self-reported use of tobacco and alcohol. Further, T. gondii seropositivity appeared to remove the protective effect of education and economic status against self-reported cigarette smoking. These findings suggest that T. gondii seropositivity may be inversely associated with some but not all types of substance use in US adults.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and substance use in US adults

et al. 2018

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“…Toxoplasmosis is transmitted via ingesting oocyst-contaminated food or water, consuming of undercooked meat containing tissue cysts, vertical infection, organ transplantation, and blood transfusion through infected donors. [1][2][3] Clinical manifestations of infection with toxoplasmosis associated with the host immune system. Toxoplasmosis in people with a complete immune system is asymptomatic, but in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and patients whose immune system is weakened for any reason, such as AIDS patients, transplant recipients and hemodialysis patients are more vulnerable to acute forms of toxoplasmosis such as brain damage, neurological defects, and encephalitis in the patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among Cancer and Hemodialysis Patients in southwest Iran

Arefkhah

Hosseini

Karimzade

et al. 2019

Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health

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Background: Due to their poor immune system, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and hemodialysis patients are more at risk for toxoplasmosis and its complications than the healthy people. The current study aimed to determine prevalence of toxoplasmosis in these patients and comparing it with healthy subjects in southwest Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on sera and buffy coat of 100 cancer patients, 47 hemodialysis patients, and 170 healthy subjects. IgG and IgM anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in serum were measured by ELISA method. Molecular diagnosis was conducted by PCR method on buffy coat of the seropositive samples. Results: The seroprevalence of T. gondii in cancer, hemodialysis patients and healthy subjects were 13%, 27.7% and 15.9% respectively. Moreover, seropositivity for IgM antibody was 2.1% in hemodialysis, 2% in cancer patients and 0.6% in healthy individuals. Our results were showed there was no significant difference between prevalence toxoplasmosis in case and control group. In molecular survey, only one case (cancer patient) was positive for Toxoplasma DNA. Contact with cats and consumption of undercooked meat were two studied risk factors which had significant associations with T. gondii seropositivity in the hemodialysis patients (odds ratio [OR] = 14.667; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.453-148.045) and control (odds ratio [OR] = 3.07; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.093-8.639) respectively. Conclusion: Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in hemodialysis patients was higher than Healthy Individuals; however, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in cancer patients was similar to the Healthy Individuals.

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“…Domestic cats and other felidae are the definitive hosts of T. gondii while intermediate hosts are other nonfeline and human [4]. Infection of humans with T. gondii acquired by ingestion of under cooked meat of animals that had tissue cyst, or environmental contaminated by infected sample via food or water, also congenital and blood transfusion or organ transplantation from individuals harboring tissue cyst [5][6][7]. Toxoplasmosis is usually an asymptomatic disease, but often takes a severe course in immune compromised hosts [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasmosis Sero- Prevalence among Aborted Women by Different Techniques in Atbara Area- River Nile State, Sudan

Alla¹

2019

OAJMB

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This cross-sectional study was conducted in River Nile state (Atbara locality) during the period from February to May, 2017. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis among aborted women. One hundred fifty two aborted women were enrolled in this study with the age ranged between 20-49 years old. Blood samples were taken from all participants. All samples were examined to detect Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by using LATEX, ICT and ELISA techniques. The study showed that, the overall prevalence of Toxoplasma parasite were 35.5%, 33.6% 22.4% by ELISA, LATEX agglutination and ICT respectively. The study showed that, the prevalence of Toxoplasma infections was highest (54.6 %) among the age group (41-49) years old, followed by 31-40 age group (33.5%) and the lowest (11.8%) among age group 20-30 years old. Assuming ELISA technique as the gold standard method, the sensitivity and specificity of the LATEX technique were 94 % and 100% while for ICT technique were 64 % and 100 %. The study concluded that, the toxoplasmosis was more prevalent among pregnant women in Atbara locality in River Nile state.

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Toxoplasma gondii

Cited by 34 publications

References 87 publications

Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and substance use in US adults

Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity and substance use in US adults

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among Cancer and Hemodialysis Patients in southwest Iran

Toxoplasmosis Sero- Prevalence among Aborted Women by Different Techniques in Atbara Area- River Nile State, Sudan

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