Toxoplasma Chorioretinitis in Adults

Mechanisms of interferon-induced inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii replication in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

“…In some parasitic and viral infections and in other diseases, disorganization and destruction of neuroretinal and choroidal elements are accompanied by necrosis and degeneration of the RPE cell (54). In retinochoroiditis induced by T. gondii in humans, the presence of free and cyst forms of this parasite in the RPE, and the neuroretina was demonstrated (16,33,52). In the present report, we have demonstrated that T. gondiiinfected HRPE cells are a useful in vitro model to investigate T. gondii replication and cytokine-induced modulation of parasite replication in a pathogenesis-relevant retinal cell.…”

Mechanisms of interferon-induced inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii replication in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

“…In some parasitic and viral infections and in other diseases, disorganization and destruction of neuroretinal and choroidal elements are accompanied by necrosis and degeneration of the RPE cell (54). In retinochoroiditis induced by T. gondii in humans, the presence of free and cyst forms of this parasite in the RPE, and the neuroretina was demonstrated (16,33,52). In the present report, we have demonstrated that T. gondiiinfected HRPE cells are a useful in vitro model to investigate T. gondii replication and cytokine-induced modulation of parasite replication in a pathogenesis-relevant retinal cell.…”

Toxoplasmic granuloma within an epiretinal membrane in a patient with recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis

“…Granuloma formation within retinal tissue is well-documented in enucleated eyes from patients with infectious uveitis caused by parasites such as Toxocara canis 12 and Toxoplasma gondii . 13 Granulomas induced by Toxocara canis are readily visible during fundoscopy, as T. canis larvae measures approximately 404 μM in length and 20 μM in width 14 and because optical coherence tomography (OCT) typically shows these lesions involving the inner retinal layers. 15 In contrast, T. gondii induces retinal necrosis with lymphocytic and mononuclear infiltration of the retina and the choroid, clinically translated into an area of retinochoroiditis and easily observed during indirect ophthalmoscopy examination.…”

Case Report: Reactivation of Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient After Receiving Measles

“…The treatment of the disease is still controversial. Most commonly in immunocompetent patients, spontaneous lesions resolve within one to two months [20].…”

Mechanisms of interferon-induced inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii replication in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

“…In some parasitic and viral infections and in other diseases, disorganization and destruction of neuroretinal and choroidal elements are accompanied by necrosis and degeneration of the RPE cell (54). In retinochoroiditis induced by T. gondii in humans, the presence of free and cyst forms of this parasite in the RPE, and the neuroretina was demonstrated (16,33,52). In the present report, we have demonstrated that T. gondiiinfected HRPE cells are a useful in vitro model to investigate T. gondii replication and cytokine-induced modulation of parasite replication in a pathogenesis-relevant retinal cell.…”

Toxoplasmic granuloma within an epiretinal membrane in a patient with recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis

“…Granuloma formation within retinal tissue is well-documented in enucleated eyes from patients with infectious uveitis caused by parasites such as Toxocara canis 12 and Toxoplasma gondii . 13 Granulomas induced by Toxocara canis are readily visible during fundoscopy, as T. canis larvae measures approximately 404 μM in length and 20 μM in width 14 and because optical coherence tomography (OCT) typically shows these lesions involving the inner retinal layers. 15 In contrast, T. gondii induces retinal necrosis with lymphocytic and mononuclear infiltration of the retina and the choroid, clinically translated into an area of retinochoroiditis and easily observed during indirect ophthalmoscopy examination.…”

Case Report: Reactivation of Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient After Receiving Measles

“…The treatment of the disease is still controversial. Most commonly in immunocompetent patients, spontaneous lesions resolve within one to two months [20].…”

Mechanisms of interferon-induced inhibition of Toxoplasma gondii replication in human retinal pigment epithelial cells

“…In some parasitic and viral infections and in other diseases, disorganization and destruction of neuroretinal and choroidal elements are accompanied by necrosis and degeneration of the RPE cell (54). In retinochoroiditis induced by T. gondii in humans, the presence of free and cyst forms of this parasite in the RPE, and the neuroretina was demonstrated (16,33,52). In the present report, we have demonstrated that T. gondiiinfected HRPE cells are a useful in vitro model to investigate T. gondii replication and cytokine-induced modulation of parasite replication in a pathogenesis-relevant retinal cell.…”

Toxoplasmic granuloma within an epiretinal membrane in a patient with recurrent ocular toxoplasmosis

“…Granuloma formation within retinal tissue is well-documented in enucleated eyes from patients with infectious uveitis caused by parasites such as Toxocara canis 12 and Toxoplasma gondii . 13 Granulomas induced by Toxocara canis are readily visible during fundoscopy, as T. canis larvae measures approximately 404 μM in length and 20 μM in width 14 and because optical coherence tomography (OCT) typically shows these lesions involving the inner retinal layers. 15 In contrast, T. gondii induces retinal necrosis with lymphocytic and mononuclear infiltration of the retina and the choroid, clinically translated into an area of retinochoroiditis and easily observed during indirect ophthalmoscopy examination.…”

Case Report: Reactivation of Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Patient After Receiving Measles

“…The treatment of the disease is still controversial. Most commonly in immunocompetent patients, spontaneous lesions resolve within one to two months [20].…”