Toxoplasma Chorioretinitis in Adults

Wilder, Helenor Campbell

doi:10.1001/archopht.1952.01700030435003

Cited by 38 publications

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“…It is interesting to note that, in the original series described by Wilder (1952), cerebral calcification was found in three of six patients X-rayed, indicating that the infection was almost certainly congenital in origin. If the organism can be found in the ocular tissues of the adult as a result of congenital infection there seems no reason why they should not also be found in other tissues (brain, lymph nodes, muscles, etc.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Ocular toxoplasmosis.

Perkins¹

1973

British Journal of Ophthalmology

210

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A large amount of research has been done on toxoplasmosis in the last 30 years, and the world-wide incidence of the infection, and its clinical manifestations, are recognized and documented in an extensive literature. New discoveries concerning the life-cycle of the organism (Frenkel, I970; Hutchison, Dunachie, Siim, and Work, I970) promise to solve many of the problems of the transmission of infection and will give added stimulus to epidemiological studies. In the field of ophthalmology the importance of toxoplasmosis is now established, but some problems still remain.The ocular lesions in infants with congenital toxoplasmosis are well recognized as pathogenic, but whether similar chorioretinal lesions in adults, although now acknowledged to be due to toxoplasmosis, result from recurrences of congenital infection or follow a postnatally acquired infection is still controversial. Other types of uveitis have been attributed to toxoplasmosis, and if this is correct it is important to recognize such cases. The present study attempts to clarify these problems by a review of the relevant literature supported by clinical studies in patients with uveitis. A further problem which will be discussed is whether congenital toxoplasmosis results from a chronic maternal infection or from one acquired during pregnancy: although this is not strictly an ophthalmological problem, ophthalmologists are often asked to advise on the prognosis for future pregnancies. Review of the literatureNo attempt is made here to provide a comprehensive general review of the literature on toxoplasmosis, but a list of recent reviews is given in the Bibliography. Attention here will be concentrated on the incidence of ocular complications in acquired systemic infections with clinical manifestations, the evidence for acquired infection in cases of uveitis, and the type ofmaternal infection causing toxoplasmosis. INCIDENCE OF OCULAR COMPLICATIONS IN RECENTLY ACQUIRED TOXOPLASMOSISIn reviewing the literature on this subject, an immediate problem is that of deciding on the criteria which should be accepted as evidence ofinfection. Most authors have relied on one or a combination of three methods: the detection of high levels of antibody, particularly the demonstration of rising titres; the observation of organisms in biopsy specimens or tissue fluids; and the demonstration of infection in animals after the inoculation oftissue extracts.The demonstration in biopsy or post mortem specimens of organisms morphologically resembling Toxoplasma is not entirely reliable, as nuclear fragments (Duke-Elder, Ashton, and Brihaye-van Geertruyden, I953) and even pine pollen (Langer, I966) can cause confusion. Even if the organism

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confidence: 89%

Ocular toxoplasmosis.

Perkins¹

1973

British Journal of Ophthalmology

210

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“…Wolf con® rmed transmissability of the organism between animals in 1939 and later Wilder identi® ed the parasite in ocular tissue, following enucleation in a patient to control pain 2,3 . Human infection can be both congenital and acquired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocular toxoplasmosis in HIV infection

Rodgers¹,

Harris²

1996

Int J STD AIDS

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Toxoplasmosis accounts for 1-3% of ocular infections in patients with AIDS1. There are a variety of clinical manifestations that can be confused with other ocular disease. It may be the first manifestations of intracranial and disseminated Toxoplasma gondii infection. Prompt recognition and early treatment with antiparasitic drug therapy will prevent widespread tissue destruction, preserve vision and reduce dissemination. This current review will provide a broad-based overview of toxoplasmosis and ocular infection.

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“…This decline paralleled the discovery of sarcoidosis, brucellosis, toxoplasma and histoplasmosis as aetiologies of uveitis indicating that prevalence data in the clinics is highly biased by the current endemicity of the infectious diseases in the population, the discovery of new infectious agents and characterization of the clinical phenotype. One such case of necrotizing retinitis attributed to TB even on histopathology [8] was recognized 20 years later as the classical presentation of toxoplasmosis retinitis [9].…”

Section: Q2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Uveitis: Conversations with the Experts

Agrawal

Thng

Gupta

et al. 2022

Ocular Immunology and Inflammation

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Infectious uveitis is always the foremost consideration in the approach to a patient with uveitis. While many of these infectious uveitides have classical clinical presentations, such as toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis, acute retinal necrosis, and tuberculous serpiginous-like choroidopathy, even more present in a myriad of ways that often confound the treating ophthalmologist. That aside, the treatment is frequently long-drawn, with chronicity and recurrences as frequent an outcome as cure. This perspective article gathers 6 uveitis specialists from around the globe to discuss their collective experience in this field, including pearls in diagnosing, treating, and managing infectious uveitis and their thoughts on how the rapidly changing field of uveitis will impact our practice in the future.

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Toxoplasma Chorioretinitis in Adults

Cited by 38 publications

References 0 publications

Ocular toxoplasmosis.

Ocular toxoplasmosis.

Ocular toxoplasmosis in HIV infection

Infectious Uveitis: Conversations with the Experts

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