Toxocariasis of the CNS Simulating Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Marx, Catherine; Lin, Jaime; Masruha, Marcelo Rodrigues; Rodrigues, Murilo Gimenes; Rocha, Antônio José da; Vilanova, Luiz Celso Pereira; Gabbai, Alberto Alain

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000267664.53595.75

Cited by 49 publications

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“…It is caused by Toxocara canis. Humans act as accidental host and are infected accidentally through ingestion of the thick-shelled embryonated eggs, causing serious health problems [12,13]. The highest prevalence rate was found in T. canis eggs at 63/270 (23.3%) of the examined samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in the Intestine of Dogs (Sheep-Keeper, Owned, Pet and Stray) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region

Muhamed¹,

Al-Barwary²

2016

J Vet Sci Technol

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This survey was done to investigate the prevalence of internal parasites in the intestine of dogs in Duhok province from February to October 2015. A total of 270 sheep-keepers, owned, pet and stray dogs' fecal samples from most areas in Duhok province were collected and examined by flotation technique, sedimentation technique and direct smear. During this study Spirocerca lupi (0.7%) and Uncernia stenocephala (2%) were recorded for the first time in Kurdistan region; while Diplydium caninum (16.7%), Strongyloides spp. (1.9%), Ancylostoma caninum (2.2%), Isosporaspp (9.3%), cyst of Giardia (5.2%), Hymenolepis nana (1.9%), Eimeria oocyst (3.7%), Taenia spp. (13.7%) and trematode eggs (1.9%) were recorded for the first time in dogs of Duhok province. The overall percentage of intestinal parasites in dogs was 65.9%.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in the Intestine of Dogs (Sheep-Keeper, Owned, Pet and Stray) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region

Muhamed¹,

Al-Barwary²

2016

J Vet Sci Technol

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“…It is interesting, that parasite-induced lesions were found predominately in the white matter of brain and cerebellum (Xinou et al, 2003). In some cases of neurotoxocariasis, MRI examination shows vasculitis, which could result in the frequent brain strokes (Marx et al, 2007). In our patient, neurological symptoms were multiple and variable indicating quite extensive morphological changes of brain tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…Cerebral Toxocara infections in humans are rare and the clinical pattern of neurotoxocariasis may be that of eosinophylic meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, seizures, vasculitis or isolated behavioral changes (Vidal et al, 2003;Marx et al, 2007). A young woman diagnosed for neurotoxocariasis (Mizuki et al, 1985) suffered from se- vere eosinophylic meningitis and the authors suggested that the serious course of the disease was due to the immunodeficiency caused by parallel rubella infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A case of complicated cerebral toxocariasis in a 4-year old child

Kinčeková¹,

Bánovčin

Fedor

et al. 2008

Helminthologia

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SummaryWe report the case of a 4-year-old boy suffering from a cerebral form of toxocariasis. High serum titres of antiToxocara antibodies indicated that the primary infection was induced by a high number of Toxocara eggs and that the larvae did not penetrate to cerebrospinal fluid due to the hematoencephalic barrier. MRI of the patient´s brain showed multiple focal lesions spread diffusely in almost all parts of the brain, predominantly paraventricularly. These might be eosinophil-rich granulomatous infiltrates enclosing larvae. Extensive morphological changes were the cause of serious neurological symptoms, most of them being reversible after follow-up therapy. Radiology proved to be useful diagnostic method, but the specific serological assessment had a key role for the final diagnosis. In conclusion, diagnosis of this patient was intracranial primary Toxocara infection with central quadruparesis and parainfective myocarditis.

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“…A duração preconizada do tratamento é de 3 a 4 semanas 2,3 . Nosso paciente apresentou melhora e tornou-se oligossintomático após 5 semanas de tiabendazol, o mesmo medicamento usado em outros relatos de caso semelhantes 4,12 . A utilidade dos corticoides permanece discutível 5 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Pediatric neurotoxocariasis with concomitant cerebral, cerebellar, and peripheral nervous system involvement: case report and review of the literature

Salvador¹,

Ribeiro²,

Winckler³

et al. 2010

J Pediatr (Rio J)

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Objective: To alert pediatricians to the neurologic consequences of toxocariasis and to describe the first pediatric case of neurotoxocariasis with concomitant cerebral, cerebellar and peripheral nervous system involvement. Description:We report a case of neurotoxocariasis in a previously healthy 5-year-old boy with unusual symptoms and multi-site involvement of both the central and peripheral nervous system. Differential diagnoses are discussed and the relevant literature is reviewed. Since the early 1950s, fewer than fifty cases have been described, mostly in adult patients. Comments:Although human toxocariasis is one of the most common zoonotic helminth infections, neurotoxocariasis is a rare condition, especially in pediatric patients. Although toxocariasis usually presents as a self-limiting disease with no central nervous system involvement, when it does occur, it can be devastating. Neurotoxocariasis should be added to the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients with unusual neurologic symptoms accompanied by high levels of eosinophils in the cerebrospinal fluid. Early diagnosis and treatment can prevent long-term neurologic sequelae.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2010;86(6):531-534: Pediatrics, nervous system, toxocariasis. ResumoObjetivo: Alertar a comunidade pediátrica às consequências neurológicas da toxocaríase e descrever o primeiro caso pediátrico de neurotoxocaríase com acometimento simultâneo do cérebro, cerebelo e sistema nervoso periférico.Descrição: Relatamos um caso de neurotoxocaríase em criança do sexo masculino, 5 anos de idade, previamente hígido, com sintomas incomuns e acometimento multifocal dos sistemas nervosos central e periférico. Discutimos o diagnóstico diferencial e fazemos uma breve revisão da literatura. Desde o início da década de 1950, menos de 50 casos de neurotoxocaríase foram descritos, a maioria em adultos.Comentários: A toxocaríase é uma das helmintíases mais comuns em humanos. A neurotoxocaríase, porém, é uma patologia rara, especialmente na população pediátrica. Embora a toxocaríase costume seguir um curso autolimitado, sem envolvimento do sistema nervoso central, as manifestações neurológicas podem ser devastadoras quando ocorrem. A neurotoxocaríase deve fazer parte do diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes pediátricos com sintomas neurológicos atípicos e eosinofilia no líquor. Se diagnosticada e tratada precocemente, é possível evitar as sequelas neurológicas a longo prazo. J Pediatr (Rio J) IntroduçãoAs parasitoses são um problema de saúde pública, sendo que algumas afetam o sistema nervoso central (SNC) 1 . A prevalência das helmintíases permanece elevada, apesar de consideráveis avanços no saneamento básico e melhor acesso à terapia anti-helmíntica 2,3 .A toxocaríase (larva migrans), transmitida ao ser humano pela ingestão de ovas de Toxocara canis ou, eventualmente, Toxocara cati, é uma das helmintíases mais comuns. Estima-se que a soroprevalência de infecção por Toxocara canis no Brasil seja da ordem de 39% em crianças de 6 meses a 6 anos de idade. São três as ...

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Toxocariasis of the CNS Simulating Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in the Intestine of Dogs (Sheep-Keeper, Owned, Pet and Stray) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in the Intestine of Dogs (Sheep-Keeper, Owned, Pet and Stray) in Duhok Province, Kurdistan Region

A case of complicated cerebral toxocariasis in a 4-year old child

Pediatric neurotoxocariasis with concomitant cerebral, cerebellar, and peripheral nervous system involvement: case report and review of the literature

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