Toxin Profiles in Fish Implicated in Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Amami and Kakeroma Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Yogi, Kentaro; Oshiro, Naomasa; Matsuda, Seiko; Sakugawa, Satsuki; Matsuo, Toshiaki; Yasumoto, Takeshi

doi:10.3358/shokueishi.54.385

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The LC-MS/MS system was comprised of an Agilent 1290 HPLC system and an Agilent 6460 Triple Quadrupole MS instrument (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). The LC-MS conditions matched those outlined previously [ 15 , 16 , 27 ] with slight modification.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MS parameters were set as follows: electrospray ionization (ESI) positive mode with Agilent Jet Stream; dry gas, 10 L/min of N 2 at 300 °C; nebulizer gas, N 2 at 50 psi; sheath gas, 11 L/min of N 2 at 400 °C; capillary voltage, 5000 V; nozzle voltage, 1000 V; and fragmentor voltage, 300 V. The [M + Na] + ions were used as precursor ions and product ions, with a collision energy of 40 eV, as previously reported [ 15 , 16 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biooxidation of Ciguatoxins Leads to Species-Specific Toxin Profiles

Ikehara

Kuniyoshi

Oshiro

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Ciguatoxins (CTXs) contaminate fish worldwide and cause the foodborne illness ciguatera. In the Pacific, these toxins are produced by the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus, which accumulates in fish through the food chain and undergoes oxidative modification, giving rise to numerous analogs. In this study, we examined the oxidation of CTXs in vitro with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis using reference toxins, and found that CTX4A, CTX4B, and CTX3C, which are produced by the alga, are oxidized to the analogs found in fish, namely CTX1B, 52-epi-54-deoxyCTX1B, 54-deoxyCTX1B, 2-hydroxyCTX3C, and 2,3-dihydroxyCTX3C. This oxidation was catalyzed by human CYP3A4, fish liver S9 fractions, and microsomal fractions prepared from representative ciguateric fishes (Lutjanus bohar, L. monostigumus, and Oplegnathus punctatus). In addition, fish liver S9 fractions prepared from non-ciguateric fishes (L. gibbus and L. fulviflamma) in Okinawa also converted CTX4A and CTX4B to CTX1B, 54-deoxyCTX1B, and 52-epi-54-deoxyCTX1B in vitro. This is the first study to demonstrate the enzymatic oxidation of these toxins, and provides insight into the mechanism underlying the development of species-specific toxin profiles and the fate of these toxins in humans and fish.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biooxidation of Ciguatoxins Leads to Species-Specific Toxin Profiles

Ikehara

Kuniyoshi

Oshiro

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…After the acute gastrointestinal toxicity phase had faded, all patients complained of feeling cold which is characteristic of ciguatera, and was present in 10/11 patients. According to the literature, a drop in body temperature e likely due to central nervous system effects (Gatti et al, 2008) e is a Beaglehole, 1961;Oshiro et al, 2010;Hsieh et al, 2009;Yogi et al, 2013 New Hebrides, Okinawa, Amami and Kakeroma (Japan), Taiwan…”

Section: Patients Diagnosis and Initial Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatera fish poisoning: A first epidemic in Germany highlights an increasing risk for European countries

Mattei¹,

Vetter²,

Eisenblätter³

et al. 2014

Toxicon

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a b s t r a c tToxin-producing microalgae are thriving worldwide due to coral reef destruction and global warming with major consequences on ecosystems, international trade and human health. Microalgae belonging to the family of flagellate protists, in particular dinoflagellates, secrete a variety of high-molecular-weight polyether toxins that accumulate through the marine food chain to cause disease in humans by acting as sodium channel activator toxins; ciguatera is the most frequent seafood-borne illness worldwide with 50,000 to 500,000 global incidences per annum and is usually limited to endemic areas located between 35 northern and 35 southern latitude. The rising global incidence frequency renders it a major human health problem, because no curative treatment is available yet and reliable detection assays are lacking. During the last decade ciguatera has increasingly become endemic in previously unaffected areas for two reasons: first global warming has contributed to the emergence of dinoflagellate species in subtropical and even temperate regions that previously had been constrained to tropical areas and second: in Europe globalization of fishing industry and tourism has led to a progressive increase in the number of ciguatera cases and a lack of awareness among medical personnel contributes to under-reporting. We review, through a recent ciguatera outbreak in Germany, the risk for ciguatera poisoning in Europe and highlight characteristic symptoms, current knowledge about disease pathomechanisms and treatment options.

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“…In 1989–2010, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare reported 78 outbreaks affecting 284 subjects [ 22 ]; ciguatera occurred predominately in Okinawa (89.7%) and Kagoshima (3.8%), but cases were reported from prefectures further north (6.4%). Local reports from Okinawa in 1997–2006 [ 23 ] and 2008 [ 24 ] and from Amami Islands in 2006 [ 25 ], which were covered in the nationwide report [ 22 ], would be used for estimation of annual incidence only, if applicable. In contrast, local reports completely or incompletely left out were listed in Table 2 .…”

Section: Reports Of Ciguateramentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in East Asia and Southeast Asia

Chan

2015

Marine Drugs

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In the coastal countries of East Asia and Southeast Asia, ciguatera should be common because of the extensive tropical and subtropical coral reefs along the coasts and in the neighboring seas with ciguatoxic fishes. An extensive search of journal databases, the Internet and the government websites was performed to identify all reports of ciguatera from the regions. Based on the official data and large published case series, the incidence of ciguatera was higher in the coastal cities (Hong Kong, Foshan, Zhongshan) of southern China than in Japan (Okinawa Prefecture). In Singapore, ciguatera appeared to be almost unknown. In other countries, only isolated cases or small case series were reported, but under-reporting was assumed to be common. Ciguatera may cause severe acute illness and prolonged neurological symptoms. Ciguatera represents an important public health issue for endemic regions, with significant socio-economic impact. Coordinated strategies to improve risk assessment, risk management and risk communication are required. The systematic collection of accurate data on the incidence and epidemiology of ciguatera should enable better assessment and management of its risk. Much more work needs to be done to define the size threshold for important coral reef fish species from different regions, above which the risk of ciguatera significantly increases.

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Toxin Profiles in Fish Implicated in Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in Amami and Kakeroma Islands, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan

Cited by 23 publications

References 13 publications

Biooxidation of Ciguatoxins Leads to Species-Specific Toxin Profiles

Biooxidation of Ciguatoxins Leads to Species-Specific Toxin Profiles

Ciguatera fish poisoning: A first epidemic in Germany highlights an increasing risk for European countries

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in East Asia and Southeast Asia

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