Toxin Production and Resistance of Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Fermented Artisanal Dairy Products in Benin

Abstract

Staphylococcus species are considered as one of the major pathogens causing outbreaks of food poisoning. The aim of this work was to assess the toxinogenic and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the strains of Staphylococcus spp isolated from three types of fermented dairy products (yoghourt, millet dêguê, and couscous dêguê). The isolation of the Staphylococcus strains was performed on selective media, and their identification was done using biochemical and molecular methods. The susceptibility at 15 antibiotics tested was assessed using the disc diffusion method. The immunodiffusion method was used to evaluate the toxin (luk-E/D, luk-S/F, ETA, and ETB) production. Biofilm formation was qualitatively researched on microplates. Less than half (42.77%) of the collected samples were contaminated with Staphylococcus spp. The yoghourt and millet dêguê samples collected in the afternoon were more contaminated than those collected in the morning. The S. aureus, S. capitis, and S. xylosus strains, respectively, were the most present. S. aureus was the only coagulase-positive species identified in our samples. The highest resistance to antibiotics was observed with penicillin (100%) irrespective of the nature of the sample. S. aureus strains were highly (71.4%) resistant to methicillin. The S. aureus strains were the most biofilm-forming (27.6%), followed by S. capitis strains. Panton and Valentine’s leukocidin (luk-S/F) was produced by only S. aureus strains at a rate of 8.33%. Only coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) produced Luk-E/D. The high rates of Staphylococci contamination indicate bad hygiene quality during the production and distribution of dairy products. It is, therefore, necessary to improve the quality of fermented milk products.

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

“…This study employed a purposive sampling design that was carried out to detect the presence of S. aureus strains in dairy farms that have low milking hygiene, which can increase bacterial contamination in cow's milk. 29 In line with this, the research conducted by Khiabanian et al 30 showed that the difference in the number of isolates found could be influenced by differences in study design such as population and geographic distribution of the sample, infection control practices, and the type of antibiotic used, as seen in Figure 3.…”

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

“…This study employed a purposive sampling design that was carried out to detect the presence of S. aureus strains in dairy farms that have low milking hygiene, which can increase bacterial contamination in cow's milk. 29 In line with this, the research conducted by Khiabanian et al 30 showed that the difference in the number of isolates found could be influenced by differences in study design such as population and geographic distribution of the sample, infection control practices, and the type of antibiotic used, as seen in Figure 3 mecA PCR results with a positive band at 533 bp. Marker line: 100-bp molecular-weight markers; Line K-: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (Negative Control); Line AT28, AT41, and AS109: positive result for mecA gene detection; Line AT21, AT29, AT33, AS67, AS77, AS80, and AS102: negative result for mecA gene.…”

Detection of mecA gene and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from milk and risk factors from farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia

“…This study employed a purposive sampling design that was carried out to detect the presence of S. aureus strains in dairy farms that have low milking hygiene, which can increase bacterial contamination in cow’s milk. 32 In line with this, the research conducted by Khiabanian et al 33 showed that the difference in the number of isolates found could be influenced by differences in study design such as population and geographic distribution of the sample, infection control practices, and the type of antibiotic used, as seen in Figure 6 .…”