Toxin content differs between life stages of Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae)

Persson, Agneta; Smith, Barry; Alix, Jennifer H.; Senft-Batoh, Christina; Wikfors, Gary H.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2012.06.006

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…extracellular compounds toward different cells, such as microalgae, protists, or bivalve gametes (Arzul et al, 1999;Castrec et al, 2019;Flores et al, 2012;Le Goïc et al, 2014Lelong et al, 2011;Long et al, 2018b;Tillmann and John, 2002). Although PST can be released extracellularly (Lefebvre et al, 2008;Persson et al, 2012), many studies reported the bioactivity of extracellular compounds produced by non-PST Alexandrium strains, demonstrating that these effects are independent from PSTs (Bianchi et al, 2019;Borcier et al, 2017;Castrec et al, 2019Castrec et al, , 2020Ford et al, 2008;Long et al, 2018b;Tillmann et al, 2007;Tillmann and John, 2002). Only a few studies focused on the characterization of these compounds, and their precise nature remains unknown (Flores et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2011Ma et al, , 2009).…”

Section: Effects Of Algal Toxins and Extracellular Compounds To Bivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review

Lassudrie

Hégaret

Wikfors

et al. 2020

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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Bivalves were long thought to be "symptomless carriers" of marine microalgal toxins to human seafood consumers. In the past three decades, science has come to recognize that harmful algae and their toxins can be harmful to grazers, including bivalves. Indeed, studies have shown conclusively that some microalgal toxins function as active grazing deterrents. When responding to marine Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) events, bivalves can reject toxic cells to minimize toxin and bioactive extracellular compound (BEC) exposure, or ingest and digest cells, incorporating nutritional components and toxins. Several studies have reported modulation of bivalve hemocyte variables in response to HAB exposure. Hemocytes are specialized cells involved in many functions in bivalves, particularly in immunological defense mechanisms. Hemocytes protect tissues by engulfing or encapsulating living pathogens and repair tissue damage caused by injury, poisoning, and infections through inflammatory processes. The effects of HAB exposure observed on bivalve cellular immune variables have raised the question of possible effects on susceptibility to infectious disease. As science has described a previously unrecognized diversity in microalgal bioactive substances, and also found a growing list of infectious diseases in bivalves, episodic reports of interactions between harmful algae and disease in bivalves have been published. Only recently, studies directed to understand the physiological and metabolic bases of these interactions have been undertaken. This review compiles evidence from studies of harmful algal Highlights  Review of the main studies on effects of marine harmful algae on bivalve immune cells (hemocytes) and on infectious disease  Harmful algae can modulate host-pathogen interactions in bivalves on various way (increase or decrease the infection)  Some experimental studies report the involvement of cellular immunity and global physiological weakness in the modulations  Other mechanisms possibly involved: HAB effects on bivalve filtration; direct

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Section: Effects Of Algal Toxins and Extracellular Compounds To Bivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review

Lassudrie

Hégaret

Wikfors

et al. 2020

Developmental & Comparative Immunology

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“…For use of the method on other strains and species we recommend additional cleaning/sorting steps (as in Persson et al. ) combined with thorough morphological and behavioral studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to the high cyst-forming ability of the S. lachrymosa strain used, and combined with thorough microscopy and experience in life-stage identification, high purity of samples could be reached, but the gamete and zygote life-stage samples should still be viewed at a population-level and not as totally pure. For use of the method on other strains and species we recommend additional cleaning/sorting steps (as in Persson et al 2012) combined with thorough morphological and behavioral studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike other studied cyst-forming dinoflagellates, discrete life-history stages in S. lachrymosa can be produced with high purity which makes it an ideal model organism for comparison of pigmentation between sexual life stages. In an earlier study comparing toxin content between life stages of Alexandrium fundyense (Persson et al 2012) many additional life stage separation steps were developed.…”

Section: Dinoflagellate Life Stage Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In an earlier study comparing toxin content between life stages of Alexandrium fundyense (Persson et al. ) many additional life stage separation steps were developed.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Differences in pigmentation between life cycle stages in Scrippsiella lachrymosa (dinophyceae)

Persson

Smith

Cyronak

et al. 2015

Journal of Phycology

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Various life cycle stages of cyst-producing dinoflagellates often appear differently colored under the microscope; gametes appear paler while zygotes are darker in comparison to vegetative cells. To compare physiological and photochemical competency, the pigment composition of discrete life cycle stages was determined for the common resting cyst-producing dinoflagellate Scrippsiella lachrymosa. Vegetative cells had the highest cellular pigment content (25.2 ± 0.5 pg · cell(-1) ), whereas gamete pigment content was 22% lower. The pigment content of zygotes was 82% lower than vegetative cells, even though they appeared darker under the microscope. Zygotes of S. lachrymosa contained significantly higher cellular concentrations of β-carotene (0.65 ± 0.15 pg · cell(-1) ) than all other life stages. Photoprotective pigments and the de-epoxidation ratio of xanthophylls-cycle pigments in S. lachrymosa were significantly elevated in zygotes and cysts compared to other stages. This suggests a role for accessory pigments in combating intracellular oxidative stress during sexual reproduction or encystment. Resting cysts contained some pigments even though chloroplasts were not visible, suggesting that the brightly colored accumulation body contained photosynthetic pigments. The differences in pigmentation between life stages have implications for interpretation of pigment data from field samples when sampled during dinoflagellate blooms.

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Harmful Algal Blooms: Effect on Coastal Marine Ecosystems

Neves¹,

Rodrigues²

2020

Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals

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Toxin content differs between life stages of Alexandrium fundyense (Dinophyceae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review

Effects of marine harmful algal blooms on bivalve cellular immunity and infectious diseases: A review

Differences in pigmentation between life cycle stages in Scrippsiella lachrymosa (dinophyceae)

Harmful Algal Blooms: Effect on Coastal Marine Ecosystems

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