Toxigenic profiles and trinucleotide repeat diversity ofFusariumspecies isolated from banana fruits

Abstract

Infesting Fusarium species isolated from banana fruit samples were identified and quantified by morphological, mycotoxicological and molecular tools. A total of 19 Fusarium isolates were obtained: F. semitectum was most predominant (26%), followed by F. proliferatum (16%), F. circinatum (16%), F. chlamydosporum (10.5%), F. solani (10.5%), F. oxysporum (10.5%) and F. thapsinum (5%). Fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol and zearalenone contents were assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Seventeen isolates, belonging to F. chlamydosporum, F. circinatum, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. thapsinum, F. proliferatum and Fusarium spp., produced mycotoxins when cultured on rice medium. Fumonisin was produced by all of the studied Fusarium isolates, except F. oxysporum, at a concentration of over 1 μg/mL. F. citrinium isolates 4 and 5 and F. solani isolate 3 were the most potent producers of deoxynivalenol. We compared the 19 Fusarium isolates based on the bands amplified by 10 microsatellite primers. Of these, seven primers, (TCC)5, (TGG)5, (GTA)5, (ATG)5, (TAC)5, (TGC)5 and (TGT)5, yielded a high number of bands and different mean number of alleles. The similarity level between isolates was calculated using a simple matching coefficient. Dendrograms were constructed by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetical averages (UPGMA). Two main clusters were observed. The interspecific genetic similarity between Fusarium spp. isolates was between 40% and 58% and the intraspecific similarity from 58% to 100%, indicating a high degree of genetic diversity in the tested isolates. Some unexpected genetic similarities were observed among the isolates, indicating non-agreement between morphological and molecular identification of the isolates.

Assessment of Detoxification Efficacy of Irradiation on Zearalenone Mycotoxin in Various Fruit Juices by Response Surface Methodology and Elucidation of Its in-vitro Toxicity

“…(Chironji) of family Anacardiaceae native to India and observed 1–2 μg of ZEA production in broth culture. Recently, Alghuthaymi and Bahkali ( 2015 ) have assessed the toxigenic profiles of Fusarium species isolated from banana fruits and noticed potent producers of ZEA mycotoxin, including F. chlamydosporum, F. circinatum, F. semitectum, F. solani, F. thapsinum , and F. proliferatum and detected a maximum production of 0.912 μg/mL of ZEA in the rice culture medium under laboratory conditions. Likewise, F. oxysporum is one of the typical fungal contaminants of orange, pineapple, and tomato juices and could produce ZEA (Milano and López, 1991 ; Corbo et al, 2010 ; Bevilacqua et al, 2012 , 2013 ).…”

The antagonistic effects of Candida parapsilosis on the growth of Fusarium species and fumonisin production

“…In the present study, all Fusarium isolates from wheat and maize, as well as the clinical isolates, were fumonisin producers. Although F. oxysporum is recognized as a non-fumonisin producer species [ 31 ], our results revealed fumonisin production by this Fusarium species. The co-occurrence of other Fusarium toxins including nivalenol, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol (DON) with other DON derivatives might be a contributing factor, owing to the relative cross-reactivity.…”

Mycotoxins in fresh fruit – harmful compounds of natural origin

“…Wywołana jest przez związki naturalnie występujące w środowisku, a zatem zatrucie mikotoksynami jest analogiczne do patologii spowodowanych ekspozycją na pestycydy lub pozostałości metali ciężkich [27]. W przypadku ludzi większość mikotoksykoz wynika [18], [19] z jedzenia skażonej żywności, a objawy zależą od rodzaju mikotoksyny, ilości spożywanych metabolitów, czasu trwania ekspozycji oraz pewnych czynników indywidualnych związanych z pacjentem, takich jak wiek, płeć, stan zdrowia czy dieta [28]. Szczególnie na działanie mikotoksyn narażone są osoby z obniżoną odpornością.…”