Toxicology and Environmental Application of Carbon Nanocomposite

Yaqoob, Asim Ali; Ibrahim, Mohamad Nasir Mohamad; Ahmad, Akil; Reddy, A. Vijaya Bhaskar

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-6699-8_1

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…These building materials, especially ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and concrete, are not sustainable. Construction consumes a lot of natural resources and energy, while at the same time contributing 50% of CO 2 emission worldwide [7,8]. Therefore, it is desirable to change current building materials into sustainable ones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Current Trends in the Utilization of Bacteria for Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) has received great attention for its potential in construction and geotechnical applications. This technique has been used in biocementation of sand, consolidation of soil, production of self-healing concrete or mortar, and removal of heavy metal ions from water. The products of MICP often have enhanced strength, durability, and self-healing ability. Utilization of the MICP technique can also increase sustainability, especially in the construction industry where a huge portion of the materials used is not sustainable. The presence of bacteria is essential for MICP to occur. Bacteria promote the conversion of suitable compounds into carbonate ions, change the microenvironment to favor precipitation of calcium carbonate, and act as precipitation sites for calcium carbonate crystals. Many bacteria have been discovered and tested for MICP potential. This paper reviews the bacteria used for MICP in some of the most recent studies. Bacteria that can cause MICP include ureolytic bacteria, non-ureolytic bacteria, cyanobacteria, nitrate reducing bacteria, and sulfate reducing bacteria. The most studied bacterium for MICP over the years is Sporosarcina pasteurii. Other bacteria from Bacillus species are also frequently investigated. Several factors that affect MICP performance are bacterial strain, bacterial concentration, nutrient concentration, calcium source concentration, addition of other substances, and methods to distribute bacteria. Several suggestions for future studies such as CO2 sequestration through MICP, cost reduction by using plant or animal wastes as media, and genetic modification of bacteria to enhance MICP have been put forward.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into the Current Trends in the Utilization of Bacteria for Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, in terms of conductivity the metal-based electrode has showed higher conductivity than the carbon-based electrode, but due to the corrosion issue in metal-based electrodes, the long-term stability of the system was decreased. Corroded metal electrodes also generate adverse effects against microorganism growth and their activities [ 13 ]. Therefore, carbon-based material dragged the interest to serve as an electrode in BMFCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellulose Derived Graphene/Polyaniline Nanocomposite Anode for Energy Generation and Bioremediation of Toxic Metals via Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells

et al. 2020

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Benthic microbial fuel cells (BMFCs) are considered to be one of the eco-friendly bioelectrochemical cell approaches nowadays. The utilization of waste materials in BMFCs is to generate energy and concurrently bioremediate the toxic metals from synthetic wastewater, which is an ideal approach. The use of novel electrode material and natural organic waste material as substrates can minimize the present challenges of the BMFCs. The present study is focused on cellulosic derived graphene-polyaniline (GO-PANI) composite anode fabrication in order to improve the electron transfer rate. Several electrochemical and physicochemical techniques are used to characterize the performance of anodes in BMFCs. The maximum current density during polarization behavior was found to be 87.71 mA/m2 in the presence of the GO-PANI anode with sweet potato as an organic substrate in BMFCs, while the GO-PANI offered 15.13 mA/m2 current density under the close circuit conditions in the presence of 1000 Ω external resistance. The modified graphene anode showed four times higher performance than the unmodified anode. Similarly, the remediation efficiency of GO-PANI was 65.51% for Cd (II) and 60.33% for Pb (II), which is also higher than the unmodified graphene anode. Furthermore, multiple parameters (pH, temperature, organic substrate) were optimized to validate the efficiency of the fabricated anode in different environmental atmospheres via BMFCs. In order to ensure the practice of BMFCs at industrial level, some present challenges and future perspectives are also considered briefly.

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“…Materials that are made of carbon are the most common for an electrode, including those that contain carbon cloth and paper, graphite rod and fiber brush, felt of carbon, and reticulated vitreous carbon or RVC due to the good electrical conduction, stable microbial cultures, and high surface area [9]. Other than that, granular activated carbon (GAC), also known as graphite granules (GGs), also showed a high degree of activities of catalysts and microporosity, good conductivity, and low cost [77,78]. Modified anode electrodes can improve MFC performance and because of this factor, more studies recently have focused on modifying anode using various techniques of nanoengineering to simplify the transfer of electrons.…”

Section: Effect Of Anode In Mfcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Fuel Cell: Recent Developments in Organic Substrate Use and Bacterial Electrode Interaction

Fadzli

Bhawani

Mohammad

2021

Journal of Chemistry

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A new bioelectrochemical approach based on metabolic activities inoculated bacteria, and the microbial fuel cell (MFC) acts as biocatalysts for the natural conversion to energy of organic substrates. Among several factors, the organic substrate is the most critical challenge in MFC, which requires long-term stability. The utilization of unstable organic substrate directly affects the MFC performance, such as low energy generation. Similarly, the interaction and effect of the electrode with organic substrate are well discussed. The electrode-bacterial interaction is also another aspect after organic substrate in order to ensure the MFC performance. The conclusion is based on this literature view; the electrode content is also a significant challenge for MFCs with organic substrates in realistic applications. The current review discusses several commercial aspects of MFCs and their potential prospects. A durable organic substrate with an efficient electron transfer medium (anode electrode) is the modern necessity for this approach.

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Toxicology and Environmental Application of Carbon Nanocomposite

Cited by 39 publications

References 81 publications

Insights into the Current Trends in the Utilization of Bacteria for Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation

Insights into the Current Trends in the Utilization of Bacteria for Microbially Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation

Cellulose Derived Graphene/Polyaniline Nanocomposite Anode for Energy Generation and Bioremediation of Toxic Metals via Benthic Microbial Fuel Cells

Microbial Fuel Cell: Recent Developments in Organic Substrate Use and Bacterial Electrode Interaction

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