Toxicological screening of Euphorbia tirucalli L.: Developmental toxicity studies in rats

Silva, Aldo César Passilongo; Faria, Dieime Elaine Pereira de; Borges, Nathália Barbosa do Espírito Santo; Souza, Ivone Antônia de; Peters, Vera Maria; Guerra, Martha de Oliveira

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2006.09.012

Cited by 33 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The third cofactor is possibly a plant, Euphorbia tirucalli, growing in the African lymphoma belt and recognized as important environmental risk factor for endemic BL. The latex of E tirucalli is commonly used by African children in their games; it shows pharmacologic properties as antibacterial, molluscicide, antiherpetic, and antimutagenic agent [30], which explains its wide use in tropical Africa. In vitro, the 4-deoxyphorbol ester, the major biologic mediator in milky latex, seems to be capable of significantly inducing reactivation of EBV lytic cycle gene, reduces EBV-specific T-cells toxicity, and makes B-lymphocytes resistant to cytotoxic Tlymphocytes [31,32].…”

Section: Burkitt's Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Uganda: an immunohistochemical appraisal on tissue microarray

et al. 2008

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Section: Burkitt's Lymphomamentioning

confidence: 99%

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Uganda: an immunohistochemical appraisal on tissue microarray

et al. 2008

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“…Pre-clinical studies indicate that the plant has low toxicity in mice (Silva et al, 2007), and a considerable therapeutic index for antiviral activity (Betancur-Galvis et al, 2002). Our data suggest that the antitumor protection provided by E. tirucalli extract observed by Valadares et al (2006) may be mediated by type 1 cytokine (TNF-α and INF-γ) expression in neutrophils and lymphocytes, particularly CD4 + T lymphocytes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 73%

The crude latex of Euphorbia tirucalli modulates the cytokine response of leukocytes, especially CD4+ T lymphocytes

Avelar¹,

Lélis²,

Avelar³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Abstract:The plants of the Euphorbiaceae family, especially those of the genus Euphorbia, are frequently used by Brazilian folk communities to treat a wide variety of infectious, tumoral and infl ammatory illnesses. Among the species of this genus, Euphorbia tirucalli L. is widely used in some Brazilian regions, such as the Jequitinhonha River Valley. There is evidence that the latex produced by E. tirucalli has antiviral and antitumor activities, but little is known about the mechanisms involved in these effects. It is likely that the mechanism for such activities involves leukocyte activation and cytokine production. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the production of type 1 (TNF-α and IFN-γ) and type 2 (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines by circulating leukocyte subsets submitted to brief stimulation with the crude latex of E. tirucalli. Peripheral blood leukocytes of twenty healthy subjects were submitted to 4 h incubation with crude E. tirucalli latex diluted in dimethylsulfoxide. After the incubation period, the cells were stained with FITC-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specifi c to the cell surface receptors CD4, CD8 and CD14, and to PE-conjugated monoclonal antibodies specifi c to the cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10. The acquisition and analysis of data were performed by fl ow cytometry. The results showed a signifi cant increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of CD4 + T lymphocytes positive for the type 1 cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ. Neutrophils and CD8 + T lymphocytes showed a mixed profi le of cytokine production, characterized by an increase in the percentage of cells expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10. The data indicate a predominant type 1 cytokine response. The fi ndings presented suggest that the effect popularly attributed to E. tirucalli usage may be attributed to its effect on the production of TNF-α and IFN-γ. However, the relationship between the in vitro and in vivo effects of E. tirucalli needs to be investigated.

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“…EBV causative factors were detected in soil and drinking water (where E. tirucalli grows) implying that people living in such areas run a high cancer risk. [74] The findings have been further clinically validated in rats; [75][76][77][78] some of which developed full blast lymphomas. However, folklore reports anticancer treatment by the latex, [79] and there are scientific indications that it may modulate myelopoiesis and enhance resistance against tumor bearing, [80] both of which are suggestive of a cancer cure.…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medicinal Value of Euphorbia Tirucalli

Gupta¹,

Vishnoi²,

Wal³

et al. 2013

Syst Rev Pharm

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Toxicological screening of Euphorbia tirucalli L.: Developmental toxicity studies in rats

Cited by 33 publications

References 20 publications

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Uganda: an immunohistochemical appraisal on tissue microarray

B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas in Uganda: an immunohistochemical appraisal on tissue microarray

The crude latex of Euphorbia tirucalli modulates the cytokine response of leukocytes, especially CD4+ T lymphocytes

Medicinal Value of Euphorbia Tirucalli

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