Toxicological screening and evaluation of anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potential of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits

Abstract

Background Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Engl. (S. caseolaris) belonging to the Sonneratiaceae family is commonly known as Ora. It is traditionally used as an astringent, antiseptic, to treat sprains, swellings, cough and in arresting hemorrhage. The ethanolic extract of S. caseolaris (L.) Engl. fruits was investigated in the present study for its toxicity as well as anti-allergic and anti-hyperglycemic potentials. Methods Major phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by HPLC. Behavioral change, body weight, mortality and different blood parameters were measured to assess the toxicological effect of the extract. Anti-allergic activity was evaluated using TDI-induced allergic model mice. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and STZ-induced diabetic mice were used to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic activity. Results Crude extract contained ellagic acid, vanillic acid and myrecitin (27.41, 3.06 and 7.93 mg per 100 g dry extract respectively). No major toxicity was observed in both acute and sub-acute toxicity study. Oral administration of the extract significantly ameliorated TDI-induced allergic symptoms like sneezing, scratching, swelling, redness and watery rhinorrhoea in the experimental mice. The extracts also reduced the total and differential count of leukocytes in the blood. The extract treated mice showed significant reduction in blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, creatinine and bilirubin level. Conclusions S. caseolaris contains bioactive phytoconstituents which may be the possible precursors to isolate and characterize the novel compounds targeting the diseases like allergy and diabetes.

Supplementation of syringic acid-rich Phrynium pubinerve leaves imparts protection against allergic inflammatory responses by downregulating iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expressions

“…Acute toxicity test was conducted according to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines-425 with brief modifications [ 33 ]. 20 experimental animals were randomly chosen and divided into four groups: Control (2% tween-80 in water), EPP 1 g/kg, EPP 2 g/kg, and EPP 3 g/kg.…”

“…The sub-acute toxicity test of EPP was performed according to the procedure previously described with brief modifications [ 33 ]. 10 experimental animals were randomly chosen and divided into two groups: Control (2% tween-80 in water) and EPP 500 mg/kg.…”

Analgesic, Anti-inflammatory, Antipyretic, and In Silico Measurements of Sonneratia caseolaris (L.) Fruits from Sundarbans, Bangladesh

“…Ligand preparation: 3D structures of the standard drugs used in the pharmacological tests, diclofenac Na (CID: 3033), ibuprofen (CID: 3672), paracetamol (CID: 1983), and tramadol (CID: 33741) were downloaded from Pub-Chem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). We took six antioxidant molecules named as vanillic acid [23], oleanolic acid [24], maslinic acid [25], luteolin [5], myricetin [26], and ellagic acid [27] from the SC extract for in silico analysis as these antioxidant compounds are confirmed to be present in SC fruits by different reports [3][4][5][6].…”

“…Upon reviewing different articles, several compounds have been found to be present in this plant. Wu et al isolated oleanolic acid, β -sitosterol- β -D-glucopyranoside, (–)- R -nyasol, (–)- R- 4′ - O - methylnyasol, luteolin, luteolin 7-O- β -glucoside, and maslinic acid from its fruits, whereas Dev et al reported the presence of ellagic acid, vanillic acid, and myricetin upon HPLC analysis [ 3 , 4 ]. Sadhu et al isolated two flavonoids, namely, luteolin and luteolin 7-O- β -glucoside from SC leaves, whereas Wetwitayaklung et al confirmed the presence of maslinic acid, sterols, and triterpenoids [ 5 , 6 ].…”

Evaluation of toxicological, anti-allergic and neuropharmacological activities of <em>Bridelia stipularis</em>: <em>In-vivo</em> and in-silico studies

“…On the 21 st day, nasal allergic symptoms were recorded just after TDI provocation and assessed carefully for 10 min by accommodating the animal into different cages [23] .…”