Toxicological profile of medically relevant Crotalus species from Mexico and their neutralization by a Crotalus basiliscus/Bothrops asper antivenom

Sánchez, Melvin; Solano, Gabriela; Vargas, Mariángela; Reta-Mares, Francisco; Neri-Castro, Édgar; Alagón, Alejandro; Sánchez, Andrés; Villalta, Mauren; León, Guillermo; Segura, Álvaro

doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.03.006

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the case of C . atrox , our data contrast with the reported LD 50 from organisms in Veracruz, Mexico [ 51 ], which double the value obtained in this study [ 49 ]. This discrepancy may be attributed to several factors, such as geographical variation of the venom, the route of inoculation, or the animal’s age.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

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Variability in antivenom neutralization of Mexican viperid snake venoms

Guadarrama-Martínez,

Neri-Castro,

Boyer

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Background Each year, 3,800 cases of snakebite envenomation are reported in Mexico, resulting in 35 fatalities. The only scientifically validated treatment for snakebites in Mexico is the use of antivenoms. Currently, two antivenoms are available in the market, with one in the developmental phase. These antivenoms, produced in horses, consist of F(ab’)2 fragments generated using venoms from various species as immunogens. While previous studies primarily focused on neutralizing the venom of the Crotalus species, our study aims to assess the neutralization capacity of different antivenom batches against pit vipers from various genera in Mexico. Methodology We conducted various biological and biochemical tests to characterize the venoms. Additionally, we performed neutralization tests using all three antivenoms to evaluate their effectiveness against lethal activity and their ability to neutralize proteolytic and fibrinogenolytic activities. Results Our results reveal significant differences in protein content and neutralizing capacity among different antivenoms and even between different batches of the same product. Notably, the venom of Crotalus atrox is poorly neutralized by all evaluated batches despite being the primary cause of envenomation in the country’s northern region. Furthermore, even at the highest tested concentrations, no antivenom could neutralize the lethality of Metlapilcoatlus nummifer and Porthidium yucatanicum venoms. These findings highlight crucial areas for improving existing antivenoms and developing new products. Conclusion Our research reveals variations in protein content and neutralizing potency among antivenoms, emphasizing the need for consistency in venom characteristics as immunogens. While Birmex neutralizes more LD50 per vial, Antivipmyn excels in specific neutralization. The inability of antivenoms to neutralize certain venoms, especially M. nummifer and P. yucatanicum, highlights crucial improvement opportunities, given the medical significance of these species.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, specific neutralization values of Birmex against C . atrox venom of 12.8 mgAV/mgV have been obtained [ 51 ], which represents double the neutralizing potency for Birmex lot 3 analyzed in the present work, highlighting the variation between lots of the same antivenom.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 63%

Variability in antivenom neutralization of Mexican viperid snake venoms

Guadarrama-Martínez,

Neri-Castro,

Boyer

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

Self Cite

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“…México cuenta con la producción de antídotos que se obtienen a partir del veneno de unas cuantas especies de dos de los 10 géneros de vipéridos mexicanos. El antídoto antiviperino de BIRMEX se fabrica a partir del veneno de Bothrops asper y Crotalus basiliscus (Segura et al, 2015;Sánchez et al, 2020;Neri-Castro et al, 2020a), mientras que Antivipmyn®, producido por el Instituto Bioclon de los Laboratorios Silanes, utiliza veneno de B. asper y C. simus (Neri-Castro et al, 2020a). En el caso de los coralillos, el único antídoto disponible en México (Coralmyn®), fabricado también por Bioclon, utiliza veneno de Micrurus nigrocinctus (Neri-Castro et al, 2020a).…”

Section: Medidas De Prevención Y Gestión De Accidentes Ofídicosunclassified

Revisión del conflicto entre los humanos y las serpientes en México: origen, mitigación y perspectivas

Fernández-Badillo

Zuria

Sigala-Rodríguez

et al. 2021

Anim. Biodiv. Conserv.

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Review of the human–snake conflict in Mexico: origin, mitigation and perspectives. The conflict between humans and snakes has existed since unmemorable times. Fear of and aversion towards these animals may have an evolutionary explanation and may be justified because venomous and deadly snakes cause thousands of deaths around the world each year. Furthermore, social perception, the media, myths, and even religion, increase and feed this fear, resulting in the intentional slaughter of snakes being a common practice in many places. As Mexico is a mega–diverse country with more species of snakes than any other country, it faces a particularly difficult situation with regard to snake bites. Here we revise this human–snake conflict from different perspectives in order to better understand it, to propose possible solutions to reduce it, and to contribute towards snake conservation.

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“…En ese sentido, científicos han buscado desarrollar antivenenos más baratos, eficaces y accesibles. Para ello, es de trascendental importancia conocer la composición y propiedades de los venenos de las serpientes [9], [10].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

potencial farmacológico de venenos de serpientes de Sonora, México

2022

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Los venenos son mezclas complejas de biomoléculas producidos en glándulas especializadas en diversas plantas o animales. Se ha reportado que los componentes mayoritarios de dichos venenos son péptidos y proteínas; los cuales son principales causantes de los síntomas clínicos derivados de un piquete/mordedura. Adicionalmente, por razones culturales y médicas, las serpientes son, probablemente, los animales venenosos más representativos. Entre estos animales, las serpientes de cascabel son altamente temidas y en muchos casos sus venenos han sido poco estudiados. En el estado de Sonora, México se han descrito 12 especies de serpientes de cascabel, todas consideradas altamente venenosas ya que su mordedura requiere atención médica. En ese sentido, se ha reportado que componentes del veneno de estas especies presentan actividad antibacteriana, anticancerígena, entre otras. En este artículo describimos brevemente que los venenos de algunas serpientes sonorenses contienen prometedores componentes de alta importancia farmacéutica y biotecnológica y por qué deberíamos prestarles atención.

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Toxicological profile of medically relevant Crotalus species from Mexico and their neutralization by a Crotalus basiliscus/Bothrops asper antivenom

Cited by 13 publications

References 44 publications

Variability in antivenom neutralization of Mexican viperid snake venoms

Variability in antivenom neutralization of Mexican viperid snake venoms

Revisión del conflicto entre los humanos y las serpientes en México: origen, mitigación y perspectivas

potencial farmacológico de venenos de serpientes de Sonora, México

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