Toxicological Profile of Homosalate as Cosmetic Ingredients

Abstract

UV filters are widely used in many cosmetic products. They are added in order to protect from acute (sunburnphoto-ageing) or chronic (skin cancer) toxic effects of sunlight exposure. Although, acute and subchronic toxicity of these compounds is considered to be rather low, in the long-term exposure can cause some problems such as effects on reproductions, ontogeny, endocrine diseases and photoallergic reactions. In addition, the bioaccumulation of these the lipophilic chemicals in wildlife and human oes not seem to be considered in earlier publised toxicity studies. Homosalate (HMS) is a member of the UV filters. HMS has many industrial uses, as a vehicle for fragrance and cosmetic ingredients like sunscreen agent, ultraviolet light absorber. There are some studies regarding hormone-disrupting properties of homosalate. The aim of mini review was to collect data about toxicological effects on animal, human and aquatic biota, including studies the variety routes of exposure, and the risk assessment of usage of HMS as cosmetic ingredients.

Skin absorption and human exposure estimation of three widely discussed UV filters in sunscreens – In vitro study mimicking real-life consumer habits

“…Especially there is an increasing concern regarding possible harmful consequences of exposure to Benzophenone-3, Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate, 3-Benzylidene Camphor, 4-Methylbenzylidene Camphor, Homosalate, Ethylhexyl Dimethyl-PABA, and Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane (Krause et al, 2012;Axelstad and Hass, 2013;Oz aez et al, 2013;Urek et al, 2013;. Three possible side effects are the most problematic: (i) permeation into the viable layers of the skin; (ii) interference with the endocrine system in humans; (iii) photounstability .…”

“…As the BP3 and EHMC structure are similar to estrogens, a number of experimental studies in a variety of screening systems (Schneider et al, 2005;Calafat et al, 2008;Schlumpf et al, 2008a,b;Zhang et al, 2011Zhang et al, , 2013Bluthgen et al, 2012;Oz aez et al, 2013;Kerdivel et al, 2013;Liao and Kannan, 2014;Watanabe et al, 2015) as well as review articles (SCCP, 2008;Axelstad et al, 2011Axelstad et al, , 2013WHO, 2012;Krause et al, 2012;Urek et al, 2013;Kim and Choi, 2014;Manov a et al, 2013) dealing with their influence on the endocrine system (oestrogen activity, progesterone activity, effect on reproduction, and other) were published in the past years. It should be emphasized, that conclusions on the potentially hormone-like activities of these filters were somewhat conflicting.…”

Assessment of in Vitro Genotoxicity Effect of Homosalate in Cosmetics

“…There are very few studies about the genotoxic effects of organic UV filters [24,29]. Despite the widespread use of HMS, a few studies are present about the in vivo and in vitro effects of HMS, data about their genotoxic effects in human are lacking [23]. To the best of our knowledge, we report here the first study involving human lymphocytes to assess the genotoxic effect of homosalate using comet assay.…”

“…UV filters are necessary to a through risk/benefit evaluation, which includes acute skin damage like sunburn, chronic skin damage such as DNA damage, photo induced immune suppression, reproductive toxicity, genotoxicity, carcinogenicity and mutagenesis. More, UV filters should be determined a strict toxicological safety evaluation prior to approval [23,28].…”

“…The presence of alkyl-substituted cyclohexane ring can drastically change the lipophilicity of the whole molecule, might possibly have big impact on ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion) [22] and as well as toxicity properties. In addition, toxicological profile of HMS has been reviewed recently [23].…”