Toxicological interactions between spinosad and essential oils in the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata

Abstract

In recent decades, the use of biopesticides for pest management has increased, especially in modern and organic agriculture. Spinosad is a biopesticide approved in many countries for its use against Ceratitis capitata. However, an increasing amount of pest resistance against spinosad had been found in different pest species. In the present study, we propose the use of a combination between essential oils (EOs) and spinosad as a way to contribute to the development of sustainable alternatives, integrating natural substances with anti‐insect properties and reducing the amount of commercial active ingredients by synergistic effects. Our primary objective was to investigate the synergistic potential of EOs and spinosad in order to enhance the insecticidal efficacy against C. capitata adults. We evaluate the toxic effect of the EOs of Baccharis spartioides (Hook), Eucalyptus cinerea (F. Muell. ex Benth) and Schinus areira (Linneo), the bioinsecticide spinosad and their combinations. We evaluated the combined toxicities of EOs from B. spartioides, E. cinerea and S. areira with spinosad and characterized the LD50 of each mixture and each substance administered topically alone on male and female individuals of C. capitata. A synergistic effect was observed for the B. spartioides–spinosad mixture in females and the S. areira–spinosad mixture in both sexes, and an antagonistic effect was found for the B. spartioides–spinosad mixture and the E. cinerea–spinosad mixture in males. Considering these results, we suggest the use of the EO from S. areira combined with spinosad as an alternative way of controlling C. capitata.

Zuccagnia punctata Cav., a Potential Environmentally Friendly and Sustainable Bionematicide for the Control of Argentinean Horticultural Crops

“…In the Andean agricultural systems of central-western Argentina, another relevant factor that affects the yield of some cultivar are the pest species such as Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), the “Mediterranean fruit fly” (Diptera, Teprhitidae), which is a multivoltine and highly polyphagous species capable of utilizing at least 250 different hosts including fruits, nuts, and vegetables [ 1 ] including pears, apples, grapes and quinces causing mainly fruit losses [ 2 , 3 ]. Regarding horticultural cultivars such as tomatoes and peppers, a growing concern for farmers is the presence of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN) highlighting the presence of the genera of the genus Meloidogyne ( Figure 1 ), which has been reported to produce up to 30% loss in crop yield [ 4 ].…”