Toxicological effects of the <i>Morinda citrifolia L</i>. fruit extract on maternal reproduction and fetal development in rats

Leal-Silva, Thaís; Souza, Maysa Rocha; Cruz, Larissa Lopes da; Moraes-Souza, Rafaianne Queiroz; Paula, Verônyca Gonçalves; Soares, Thelma Shirlen; Justina, Vanessa Dela; Giachini, Fernanda R.; Damasceno, Débora Cristina; Américo, Madileine Francely; Volpato, Gustavo Tadeu

doi:10.1080/01480545.2022.2070197

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…[71,72] Nonetheless, in rodent studies, Noni was shown to promote maternal hepatotoxicity, anti-implantation effects, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal abnormalities, deterioration of liver histology in the form of hepatocyte necrosis, reduction in liver volume, hepatic inflammation, disruption of synthetic activity (albumin reduction), and clinically relevant injury symptoms such as hypoactivity, excessive grooming, sunken eyes, and hunched posture, ultimately resulting in approximately 40% mortality within 3 months in exposed animals. [73,74] Furthermore, prolonged Noni use in diabetic rats resulted in better glycemic control at the cost of kidney damage. [75] From 2005 until now, 10 cases of non-induced liver injury have been reported worldwide, including severe hepatotoxicity in a 14-yearold boy.…”

Section: Miscellaneous Herbs and Their Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on the hepatotoxicity of herbs used in the Indian (Ayush) systems of alternative medicine

Philips,

Theruvath

2024

Medicine

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Complementary and alternative medicine-related liver injuries are increasing globally. Alternative medicine, as an inclusive healthcare practice, is widely accepted in developing and underdeveloped countries. In this context, the traditional systems of medicine in India have been at the forefront, catering to the preventive and therapeutic spectrum in the absence of conclusive evidence for benefits and lack of data on safety. Contrary to popular belief, it is evident that apart from adverse events caused by contamination and adulteration of alternative medicines, certain commonly used herbal components have inherent hepatotoxicity. This narrative review updates our current understanding and increasing publications on the liver toxicity potential of commonly used herbs in traditional Indian systems of medicine (Ayush), such as Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Hook.f. & Thomson (Giloy/Guduchi), Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Ashwagandha), Curcuma longa L. (Turmeric), and Psoralea corylifolia L. (Bakuchi/Babchi). This review also highlights the importance of the upcoming liver toxicity profiles associated with other traditional herbs used as dietary supplements, such as Centella asiatica (L.) Urb., Garcinia cambogia Desr., Cassia angustifolia Vahl (Indian senna), and Morinda citrofolia L. (Noni fruit). Fortunately, most reported liver injuries due to these herbs are self-limiting, but can lead to progressive liver dysfunction, leading to acute liver failure or acute chronic liver failure with a high mortality rate. This review also aims to provide adequate knowledge regarding herbalism in traditional practices, pertinent for medical doctors to diagnose, treat, and prevent avoidable liver disease burdens within communities, and improve public health and education.

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Section: Miscellaneous Herbs and Their Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on the hepatotoxicity of herbs used in the Indian (Ayush) systems of alternative medicine

Philips,

Theruvath

2024

Medicine

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“…The study by Leal-Silva et al (2023) verified toxic effects for the liver and reproductive development in the mother and fetal abnormality after ingestion of noni aqueous extract with a dose higher than 400 mg/kg for 21 days. However, in a lower dose of the noni ingestion, any toxicity effect was not verified [ 11 ]. Thus, studies are necessary for clinical confirmation of the fruit and verification of any deleterious effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic supplementation of noni in diabetic type 1-STZ rats: effects on glycemic levels, kidney toxicity and exercise performance

de Oliveira Fernandes,

César,

Melo

et al. 2023

Diabetol Metab Syndr

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Noni is a fruit with potential medicinal use preventing elevated blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus. Its effects have been attributed to an antioxidant property in several other diseases. However, the effects of noni-chronic supplementation on exercise performance in the presence of diabetes conditions are not known. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were used to verify the effects of chronic noni (Morinda citrifolia L) juice administration on glycemia, triglyceride levels, and its relation to physical performance. In addition, it was verified if chronic noni supplementation is safe for clinical use through kidney morphology analysis. In half of the rats, diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced with STZ. All rats were submitted to an incremental workload running test (IWT) until fatigued so that oxygen consumption and performance indexes (exercise time to fatigue and workload) could be analyzed before noni administration. Then, the control and DM groups received a placebo (saline solution) or noni juice (dilution 2:1) at a dose of 2 mL/kg once a day for 60 days. The result was four groups: control + placebo (CP), control + noni (CN), DM + placebo (DMP), and DM + noni (DMN). Our dose was based on in previous study by Nayak et al. (2011) that observed a significant reduction in glycemia with 2 ml/kg of the noni juice without any toxicity effect cited. Groups were then given a third IWT to verify the effect of the noni juice on exercise performance (exercise time to fatigue, workload, maximal oxygen consumption) and glycemia. Twenty-four hours after the third test, all animals were euthanized and blood and kidneys were removed for posterior analysis. The DM induction with STZ impaired the performance by 39%. Noni administration improved the time to fatigue and workload in DM rats beyond reducing hyperglycemia. These results could be associated with an improved energy efficiency promoted by noni ingestion, since the oxygen consumption was not different between the groups, although the exercise was longer in animals with noni ingestion. Our results provided evidence that chronic noni administration causes kidney damage since increased Bowman’s space area in the control rats, suggesting glomerular hyperfiltration at the same magnitude as the non-treated DM group.In conclusion, chronic noni ingestion promoted glycemic control and improved the performance in DM rats but caused kidney toxicity.

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“…However, in lower dose of the noni ingestion any toxity effect was not veri ed (11). Thus, studies are necessary for clinical con rmation of the fruit and veri cation of any deleterious effects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Supplementation of Noni in Diabetic Type 1-Stz Rats: Effects on Glycemic Levels, Kidney Toxity and Exercise Performance

Fernandes

César

Melo

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Thirty-two male Wistar rats were used to verify the effects of chronic noni (Morinda citrifolia L) juice administration on glycemia, triglycerides levels and its relation to physical performance. In addition, it was verified if chronic noni supplementation is safe to clinical use through the kidney morphology analysis. In half of the rats, diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced with STZ. All rats were submitted to an incremental workload running test (IWT) until fatigued so that oxygen consumption and performance indexes (exercise time to fatigue and workload) could be analyzed before noni administration. Then, the control and DM groups received placebo (saline solution) or noni juice (dilution 2:1) at a dose of 2 mL/kg once a day for 60 days. The result was four groups: control + placebo (CP), control + noni (CN), DM + placebo (DMP), and DM + noni (DMN). Groups were then given a third IWT to verify the effect of the noni juice on exercise performance and glycemia. Twenty-four hours after the third test, all animals were euthanized and blood and kidneys were removed for posterior analysis. Noni administration improved the time to fatigue and workload in DM rats by reducing hyperglycemia. These results could be associated with an improved energy efficiency promoted by noni ingestion. However, our results provided evidence that chronic noni administration causes kidney damage since elevated glomerular filtration was observed at the same magnitude as the non-treated DM group. In conclusion, chronic noni ingestion promoted glycemic control and improved the performance in DM rats but caused kidney toxicity.

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Toxicological effects of the Morinda citrifolia L. fruit extract on maternal reproduction and fetal development in rats

Cited by 7 publications

References 28 publications

A comprehensive review on the hepatotoxicity of herbs used in the Indian (Ayush) systems of alternative medicine

A comprehensive review on the hepatotoxicity of herbs used in the Indian (Ayush) systems of alternative medicine

Chronic supplementation of noni in diabetic type 1-STZ rats: effects on glycemic levels, kidney toxicity and exercise performance

Chronic Supplementation of Noni in Diabetic Type 1-Stz Rats: Effects on Glycemic Levels, Kidney Toxity and Exercise Performance

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