Toxicological attributes of plant chemicals and their biochemical impacts on cholinesterase and protein levels in relation with conventional insecticides against mosquito larvae of Karachi city

Yousuf, Masarrat; Anjum, Syed Ishtiaq; Faiz, Rabiya

doi:10.1080/02772248.2015.1008789

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The continuous use of synthetic insecticide results in the development of resistance in mosquitoes. Furthermore non-degradable nature of synthetic insecticide causes biomagnification which makes the situation overall more worst [10][11][12] . Collectively, the current status situation urges to find out environment friendly, cost-effective, biodegradable and target specific insecticides against mosquitoes.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Esterases, a major detoxifying enzyme in insects, are involved in detoxification of insecticides 26 . Plant extracts are described as AChE inhibitors 10,27 . Subsequent changes in Phosphatases enzyme activity are also reported in insects 25,26 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Twenty larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus were treated with different concentrations of each extract individually and in combination with microbes (1:1 volume); P. aeruginosa and Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) along with control group and group treated with different concentrations of permethrin (10,20,30,50, 100, 150 and 250 ppm) in water. Three replicates were performed for each test and the mortality data was recorded at 24, 48 and 72 hours of post treatment 16 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes

Zulhussnain

Zahoor

Rizvi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Five different weed plants viz. Convulvulus arvensis, Chenopodium murale, Tribulus terrestris, Trianthema portulacastrum, and Achyranthes aspera were investigated for their entomocidal and genotoxic effects against Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. High mortality was observed at 72 hours in a dose dependent manner. Among all the tested plants, A. aspera was found highly significant which showed 100% mortality at 250 ppm after 72 hours with LC 50 of 87.46, 39.08 and 9.22 ppm at 24, 48, respectively. in combination with Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti); A. aspera also caused 100% mortality at 250 ppm concentration after 72 hours (LC 50 8.29 ppm). Phytochemical analysis of all the tested weed plants showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, anthrequinones and terpenoids. Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA-Polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) and comet assay were performed to assess the genotoxic effect of A. aspera but no change in DNA profile was observed. Furthermore, FTIR showed the presence of phenolic compounds in A. aspera extract. It is suggested that certain phenolic compounds such as flavonoids modulate the enzymatic activity and, hence, cause the death of larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Altogether, current study would serve as an initial step towards replacement of synthetic insecticides to plant-microbe based biopesticide against Culex mosquitoes in future.Mosquitoes are reported to cause nuisance to humans and transmit several viral and protozoan diseases of public health concern worldwide. These are female mosquitoes which make a bite during their search for blood meal before oviposition which thus, increases their tendency to transmit several diseases including malaria, filariasis, dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, chikungunya, zika virus and yellow fever. These diseases make life at risk of millions of people particularly in subtropical/tropical world 1,2 . Of various mosquito species, Cx. quinquefasciatus transmits various diseases i.e., West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis, filariasis, bancroftian filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti), St. Louis encephalitis, and avian malaria 3 . In southern United States, St. Louis virus and West Nile virus (WNV) were transmitted by Cx. quinquefasciatus 4,5 . Almost 120 million people are affected annually only by lymphatic filariasis, whereas 1.3 billion are at risk resulting in nearly $1.3 billion loss of productivity per year 6 . Similarly, three billion individuals are at risk of being infected by Japanese encephalitis with 30,000-50,000 reported cases every year in disease endemic areas 7 . Besides disease transmission in humans; Cx. quinquefasciatus is also responsible for transmitting several diseases to livestock and companion animals viz. Rift Valley fever, canine dirofilariasis (dog heartworm), avian malaria, avian pox, and West Nile encephalitis which lead to high mortalities or decreased productivity 8 . open Scientific RepoRtS | (2020) 10:6826 | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-6381...

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Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes

Zulhussnain

Zahoor

Rizvi

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…Similar literatures are in harmony with these results. Total protein levels in Culex fatigans were decreased by λ-cyhalothrin 36 . The level of total proteins was decreased in Bacterocera zonata pupae resulted of larvae treated with Beticol, Biosad, Elsan, Lufox, Mani, Match and Radiant during all tested periods as compared to control 37 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Bio-efficacy of aluminum phosphide and cypermethrin against some physiological and biochemical aspects of Chrysomya megacephala maggots

Tony

Ashry

Tanani

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Carrion flies play a significant role in forensic entomotoxicology, where they are employed as alternative samples when traditional samples are unavailable. In situations of poisoned death, these toxins disrupt insect development and affect forensic entomology analyses. So, forensic entomotoxicologists must be aware of this impact. The present study aimed to determine the effects of aluminum phosphide (AlP) and cypermethrin (CP) on the biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes of the third instar of Chrysomya megacephala maggots. C. megacephala was reared on normal and poisoned rabbit carcasses with aluminum phosphide and cypermethrin. The third larval instar of C. megacephala was studied using by spectrophotometer for detection of total protein, (TP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione s-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The results indicated to significantly decrease of TP, TAC, SOD, GST and CAT and increase of AST, ALT and MDA in the maggots reared on the poisoned carcasses with AlP or CP compared with control group. In conclusion, the tested insecticides brought about a decrease antioxidant enzyme activity and increase of MDA could be involved in free radicals in C. megacephala larvae leading to oxidative stress by these insecticidal components.

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“…Mosquito management is accomplished using chemical insecticidal agents that have been applied with success, irrespective of their toxicity to human health and nontarget organisms, environmental threats ( Lee et al, 2001a ), development of resistance in the mosquitoes, and the nondegradability that leads to biomagnification ( Yousuf et al, 2014 ). The current situation prevailing in mosquito management necessitates exploration of new insecticides that can overcome the abovementioned problems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insecticidal effects of a novel polyherbal formulation (HF7) against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

Abutaha

Galil

Al‐Khalifa

et al. 2022

Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences

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Plant secondary metabolites represent the most efficient and convenient method to control and overcome environmental pollution and insecticidal resistance. This study explored the mosquitocidal activity of the combined extract of seven plants, (HF7) extracted using a Soxhlet extractor against Culex pipiens under laboratory conditions. Exposure of the 3rd instars of Cx. pipiens to HF7 hexane extract resulted in LC 50 :114.5 μg/mL and LC 90 :117.0 μg/mL values after 24 h. The ovicidal activities of hexane extract against Cx. pipiens eggs were 21.6%, 48.3%, and 71.6% at 187.5, 93.7, and 46.88 μg/mL, respectively. HF7-treated larvae showed the formation of irregular blebbing of epithelial cells toward the lumen and sloughing into the gut lumen. HF7 extract resulted in 100% adulticidal mortality at the concentration of 3.7 mg/test tube after 30 min of exposure. The IC 50 of HF7 extract was 97.03 µg/ml against larvae, at which nuclear and morphological changes were observed. The spectroscopy spectrum of HF7 hexane extract disclosed the presence of 57 different secondary metabolites, among which the dominant compound was eugenol (32.3%). HF7 hexane extract could serve as a botanical insecticide for controlling Cx. pipiens and potentially other mosquito species.

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Toxicological attributes of plant chemicals and their biochemical impacts on cholinesterase and protein levels in relation with conventional insecticides against mosquito larvae of Karachi city

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes

Insecticidal and Genotoxic effects of some indigenous plant extracts in Culex quinquefasciatus Say Mosquitoes

Bio-efficacy of aluminum phosphide and cypermethrin against some physiological and biochemical aspects of Chrysomya megacephala maggots

Insecticidal effects of a novel polyherbal formulation (HF7) against Culex pipiens L. (Diptera: Culicidae)

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