2019
DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2019.1661043
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Toxicological assessment of nanoparticle interactions with the pulmonary system

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Cited by 44 publications
(24 citation statements)
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References 234 publications
(287 reference statements)
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“…However, it will be difficult to remove the bigger nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be rapidly cleared out either through the fast mucociliary action of the upper respiratory tract or across the alveolar macrophages [82].…”
Section: Toxicity Of Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, it will be difficult to remove the bigger nanoparticles. The nanoparticles can be rapidly cleared out either through the fast mucociliary action of the upper respiratory tract or across the alveolar macrophages [82].…”
Section: Toxicity Of Nanoparticlesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Nanotechnology as a field has grown at a fast pace over the last 20 years, and has been responsible for the development of materials with useful properties for a plethora of industrial and biological applications in the engineering, communication, food, and textile industries, to name a few. Nanomaterials also have bioenvironmental applications, and can act as reliable drug carriers [ 144 ]. Nanoparticles (NPs) are sized less than 100 nm, and are characterized by an increased surface area and unique physicochemical properties, which make them extensively employed in several fields.…”
Section: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Of Toxicity On Hematopomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Current nanomaterial research has mostly focused on nanotechnology applications, whereas there is little information regarding occupational and environmental exposure assessment and risk characterization associated with NPs. As airborne NPs are mainly absorbed by respiratory routes, some of the toxic effects of NPs on lungs have been described in both humans and experimental animals, being characterized mostly by inducible inflammatory reactions [ 144 ]. Still, inhaled NPs have a very small size and can be arrested from alveoli into other tissues by the bloodstream, which may lead to systemic harmful effects [ 148 ].…”
Section: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms Of Toxicity On Hematopomentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Besides, many nanomaterials have crucial defects with biodegradation and excretion in the physiological environment due to their crystallinity with few defects that limit their in vivo application. 31 33 Meta-analysis studies on a large scale of NP delivery point out that over 99% of the applied dose of the nanomedicine cannot eventually accumulate in the tumor and some even remain in the body for over 2 years. 34 , 35 In addition to the medical effectiveness of PTT, the long-term safety of photothermic agents (PTAs) must also be considered.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%