Toxicological Aspects and Bioanalysis of Nanoparticles: Zebrafish Model

Abstract

Nanoparticles increase their availability and diversity in the environment day by day with the natural formation processes of the world geography and the development of advanced technological industry. Due to their intelligent and kaleidoscopic physico-chemical structural forms, they can cause toxic effects in various metabolic steps (in structural proteins, genetic structure, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, metabolic systems) in the organism. Despite these harmful situations some magnetite nanoparticles such as gold nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, nanodiamonds, dendrimers, polymeric and liposomic smart nanoparticles can be used in medical studies, pharmaceutical industry, nanotheranostic studies and molecular methods. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), which is used a model species in many study disciplines, has been used in many studies to reveal the potential toxic effects and positive effects of the tested nanoparticles. Both in vivo and in vitro test systems and interdisciplinary studies conducted in recent years were analyzed and evaluated via the traditional review method in the current study. Besides, many studies were grouped in order to obtain fast and efficient results on the characterization of nanoparticles and understanding their mechanism of action. A systematic search was conducted based on the keywords of this study in databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science and Carrot², in May 2022. In addition to recognizing the toxic effects of nanoparticles, several studies were emphasized, in which the utilitarian status of nanoparticles in medical, pharmaceutical, molecular and genetic applied studies was understood more clearly day by day.