Toxicological and therapeutic effects of neem (
            <i>Azadirachta indica</i>
            ) leaf powder in hole‐in‐the‐head (HITH) disease of fish
            <i>Anabas testudineus</i>

Mondal, Pradip Kumar; Garai, Pramita; Chatterjee, Arnab; Saha, Nimai Chandra

doi:10.1111/are.14928

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Fish farmers have trust in this practice because from experience it offers treatment and protection against S. agalactiae and ISKNV infections. Neem tree leaves can enhance immune responses in tilapia due to bioactive ingredients serving as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and apoptotic agents (Kapinga et al, 2018;Mondal et al, 2020;Sarkar et al, 2021). Heat shock treatment is also administered when tilapia (<5 g) is ISKNV positive.…”

Section: Management Practices For Fish and Lake Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding tilapia mortalities and fish health management in Lake Volta: a systematic approach

Zornu,

Tavornpanich,

Brun

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Unusual fish mortalities in aquaculture threaten global food security and carry significant socio-economic burdens. In 2018, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) suffered unusual patterns of mortalities, attributed to disease-causing agents in Lake Volta cage aquaculture. In recent times, disease investigations have shifted from single to consideration of multiple factors to understand the puzzling range of causal risk factors. This study therefore aimed at expanding on tilapia mortality risk factors, while documenting fish health and Lake Volta management practices for sustainable aquaculture. We interviewed relevant aquaculture stakeholders operating on Lake Volta and conducted thematic analysis on their responses to map out mortality risk factors and management practices. The identified risk factors were conceptualized in established models of causation web and Social-Ecological System to explain the practical significance of the findings. The results showed that the risk factors of tilapia mortalities are a combination of pathogens and non-infectious factors mediated by weak law enforcement. The results further suggested mortality reinforcing mechanisms through the horizontal transmission of pathogens, namely, Streptococcus agalactiae and Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus. Moreover, the recognition of weak enforcement as a possible factor reinforcing human activities is a non-infectious route that can be deleterious to fish health. Health management practices comprised phytotherapy, vaccination, heat shock treatment, biological controls, and best husbandry practices. Lake management involves creating a waterfront buffer of 85.34 m, surveillance, and executing the framework guiding aquaculture development on the Lake. The findings are suggestive of complementary quantitative studies that augment the qualitative evidence herein. Such follow up studies can disclose precise mortality risk factors to inform policy directives and effective remedial strategies that can secure fish and lake health.

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Section: Management Practices For Fish and Lake Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding tilapia mortalities and fish health management in Lake Volta: a systematic approach

Zornu,

Tavornpanich,

Brun

et al. 2023

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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“…HMs induce oxidative damage by generating ROS. The antioxidant defense mechanism involves various enzymes, such as CAT, SOD, and GSH, which protect cells from oxidative stress by detoxifying ROS [ 44 ]. The current work showed that oxidative damage in the Pb-exposed group reflected a clear elevation in MDA level and a reduction in GSH, CAT, and SOD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alleviating Effect of a Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanogel against Waterborne-Lead-Induced Physiological Disturbances, Histopathological Changes, and Lead Bioaccumulation in African Catfish

Rahman,

Elkhadrawy,

Mansour

et al. 2023

Gels

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Heavy metal toxicity is an important issue owing to its harmful influence on fish. Hence, this study is a pioneer attempt to verify the in vitro and in vivo efficacy of a magnetite (Fe3O4) nanogel (MNG) in mitigating waterborne lead (Pb) toxicity in African catfish. Fish (n = 160) were assigned into four groups for 45 days. The first (control) and second (MNG) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L−1 of MNG in water. The third (Pb) and fourth (MNG + Pb) groups were exposed to 0 and 1.2 mg L−1 of MNG in water and 69.30 mg L−1 of Pb. In vitro, the MNG caused a dramatic drop in the Pb level within 120 h. The Pb-exposed group showed the lowest survival (57.5%) among the groups, with substantial elevations in hepato-renal function and lipid peroxide (MDA). Moreover, Pb exposure caused a remarkable decline in the protein-immune parameters and hepatic antioxidants, along with higher Pb residual deposition in muscles and obvious histopathological changes in the liver and kidney. Interestingly, adding aqueous MNG to Pb-exposed fish relieved these alterations and increased survivability. Thus, MNG is a novel antitoxic agent against Pb toxicity to maintain the health of C. gariepinus.

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“…At higher concentration, the extracts can be slightly toxic/lethal in fish. [12][13][14][15][16] Higher concentrations of the extracts results in convulsion, somersaulting, difficulty in swimming, immobilization and loss of balance, which will subsequently lead to death. 14,17 Low concentration of Pb in tissues observed indicates the potency of pulverized neem and mango leaves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead biosorption and histological changes in gills and liver of juvenile african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with neem (Azadirachta indica) and mango leaves (Mangifera indica)

Koplamma¹,

Iheukwumere²,

Azua³

et al. 2022

MOJAP

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Lead (Pb) is non-biodegradable in nature, thus accumulate in the environment especially the aquaculture. This study was aimed at investigating lead biosorption and histological changes in gills and liver of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with neem (Azadirachta indica) and mango leaves (Mangifera indica). A total of 180 healthy juveniles of Clarias gariepinus were used for the period of six (6) weeks of this experiment. They were divided into two groups of pulverized neem and mango leaves with ninety (90) in each. They were further divided into three groups of thirty (30) with each comprising of two experimental groups of 10mg/L and 15mg/L of Pb and control. Experiment of biosorption was conducted in muscle, gills and liver while the histology was conducted in the gills and liver only. The results of pulverized neem showed a significant difference (P<0.0001) of biosorption of 15mg/L Pb in muscle, gills and liver with higher value (0.0017) in muscle while in pulverized mango, both 10mg/L and 15mg/L appeared statistically significant (P<0.0001) with liver (0.003) and gills (0.003) respectively had higher statistical values. There was irreversible histological damages of the gills in PNL and 15mg/L of Pb and PNL and 10mg/L Pb and a reversible histological damage in PML and 15mg/L Pb and PML and 10mg/L Pb groups. The histology of the liver appeared irreversibly damage in groups PNL and 15mg/L of Pb and PML and 15mg/L and reversibly damage in PNL and 10mg/L Pb and PML and 10mg/L Shows fatty degenerated parenchyma with focal necrosis with slight sinusoidal distortion. In conclusion, biosorption of lead is more effective with PML since the damage to the tissues are minimal and reversible.

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Toxicological and therapeutic effects of neem ( Azadirachta indica ) leaf powder in hole‐in‐the‐head (HITH) disease of fish Anabas testudineus

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Understanding tilapia mortalities and fish health management in Lake Volta: a systematic approach

Understanding tilapia mortalities and fish health management in Lake Volta: a systematic approach

Alleviating Effect of a Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanogel against Waterborne-Lead-Induced Physiological Disturbances, Histopathological Changes, and Lead Bioaccumulation in African Catfish

Lead biosorption and histological changes in gills and liver of juvenile african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with neem (Azadirachta indica) and mango leaves (Mangifera indica)

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