Toxicologic Pathology and Background Lesions of Nonhuman Primates

Patrick, Daniel J.; Rebelatto, Marlon C.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417144-2.00012-3

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Several geographical origin-related differences in the incidence of spontaneous histopathology findings were observed in this survey, in addition to a few minor sex- and age-related differences. Contrary to some previous reports that describe lower overall incidences and severity of spontaneous histopathology findings in Mauritian macaques relative to mainland Asian macaques, 11,24 our findings show origin-related differences that depended on the type of finding and tissue or organ system. In addition, our investigation revealed that the combined incidences of all findings and the list of most common findings and most commonly affected tissues were generally comparable between animals from different geographical regions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…The most commonly used term or qualifier to describe the inflammatory infiltrates was by far "mononuclear" although other qualifiers, such as "lymphoplasmacytic" or "lymphocytic," were occasionally used, particularly in those organs with a propensity to developing lymphoid aggregates or follicles, such as the salivary glands, lacrimal glands, or the uvea of the eye. The nature and morphological presentation of mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltrates was as previously described 15,22,24,25 and consisted of interstitial accumulations of mainly lymphocytes and plasma cells in varying proportions, with occasional histiocytes, and associated with negligible or no evidence of injury to parenchymal tissues. The latter characteristic feature (absence of substantial tissue injury) was the key differentiating feature between inflammatory infiltrates and inflammation.…”

Section: Most Common Spontaneous Histopathology Findings Irrespective...mentioning

confidence: 83%

“…For instance, environmental stressors, such as group-housing of incompatible animals, outdoor housing, diet, or exposure to environmental pathogens, might play a larger role in the incidence and severity of inflammatory infiltrates in the GIT than the animal's origin and genetics, 6,[18][19][20][21] while social stress and exposure to the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi (Chagas disease) might influence the incidence of heart lesions. [22][23][24] Therefore, a more accurate comparison of the differences in spontaneous pathological findings in NHP from diverse geographic origins should strive to minimize the effects of environmental factors, harmonize the terminology, and attempt to reduce the effects of pathologist's bias by conducting a multisite and global-reaching review that captures a much wider database.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data

et al. 2022

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To investigate the influence of geographical origin, age, and sex on toxicologically relevant spontaneous histopathology findings in cynomolgus macaques ( Macaca fascicularis), we performed a comparative analysis of historical control data (HCD) from 13 test sites that included 3351 animals (1645 females and 1706 males) sourced from Mauritius, China, Vietnam, and Cambodia, aged from 2 to 9.5 years, and from 446 toxicology studies evaluated between 2016 and 2021. The most common findings were mononuclear infiltrates in the kidney, liver, brain, and lung, which showed highest incidences in Mauritian macaques, and heart, salivary glands, and gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which showed highest incidences of mononuclear infiltrates in mainland Asian macaques. Developmental and degenerative findings were more common in Mauritian macaques, while lymphoid hyperplasia and lung pigment showed higher incidences in Asian macaques. Various sex and age-related differences were also present. Despite origin-related differences, the similarities in the nature and distribution of background lesions indicate that macaques from all geographical regions are suitable for toxicity testing and show comparable lesion spectrum. However, in a toxicity study, it is strongly recommended to use animals from a single geographical origin and to follow published guidelines when using HCD to evaluate and interpretate commonly diagnosed spontaneous lesions.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Most Common Spontaneous Histopathology Findings Irrespective...mentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data

et al. 2022

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“…3, there were pointed number of mononuclear cells at mild to moderate level. This in ltration was related to lymphocytes aggregates, plasma cell and macrophage in the tissue [29]. The in ltration in all groups was compared to naïve liver tissue of Balb/c mice which generated slight difference.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Immunogenicity of Oral Vaccine Candidate in Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing HBcAg and IFNα-2b for Hepatitis B Prevention

Mustopa¹,

Meilina²,

Budiarti³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Hepatitis B is a liver inflammation caused by virus infection leading to acute and chronic conditions. Antigenic compound of HBcAg could induce specific T and B cell that generating high immunity response rather than HBsAg. Therapeutic agent for hepatitis and cancer treatment which has been approved by USFDA is Interferon α-2b (IFNα-2b). This type of class I cytokine plays a role in inhibiting viral replication and modulating adaptive immune system. Objectives: In this study, we analyzed immunogenicity of recombinant HBcAg and IFNα-2b expressed in L. lactis NZ3900. Methods: In vivo test was carried out using female Balb/c mice. Antibody responses for oral immunization were quantified as total IgG using ELISA on days 21, 35 and 51. Safety compound of this oral vaccine candidate was also described by liver and spleen condition after immunization. The differential leukocyte counting was performed to confirm the inflammatory process. Results: Post immunization with L. lactis recombinant strains could induce optimum total humoral immune responses on day 35, with IgG concentration at 4.96±1.03 mg/mL. Single treatment with HBcAg was more potent in inducing immune response (IgG) rather than HBcAg-IFNa-2b combination. Immunization for 51 days could not alleviate animal body weight in each group. The maintaining IgG production until 51 days was just because lymphocytes activities persisted above 70%. The lymphocytes number which achieved 76.3% (P2) and 78.3% (P3) compared to Control group with 62%. Conclusion: Single treatment with recombinant HBcAg expressed in L. lactis NZ3900 was better inducing IgG production and maintaining for 51 days. This result suggested, L. lactis recombinant strain can be as potential vaccine candidate to induce immune response protecting from hepatitis B virus. Moreover, no organ damage was found in liver and spleen of Balb/c mice.

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“…Infiltration consists of the number of focus lymphocytes, plasma cells and magrophages in the tissue with little or no damage to the surrounding parenchyma, such as in the renal tubules (Patrick and Rebelatto, 2015). The renal system of the small ruminants includes the papillary ducts, renal crest, renal pelvis and ureters.…”

Section: Histopatology Of Organ Tissuementioning

confidence: 99%

Glyphosate Contamination at Several Concentrations And Its Impact onChanges in Goat (Capra hircus) Organ Tissue

Harokan

Kamaluddin

Saputra

et al. 2021

indones. j. env. man. sus.

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Herbicides are generally used in the control of weeds in plants. The use of synthetic chemicals such as herbicides is known tohave a negative impact on the environment. This is because the chemicals in the herbicide can kill or poison the organismsthat eat plants that are exposed to these chemicals. Glyphosate is one of the active ingredients of herbicides which is systemic,so it may leave a residue on weeds such as grasses which are usually used as animal feed. The aim of this study is to analyzethe impact of glyphosate residues on changes in the organ tissue of goats (Capra hircus) fed with feed exposed to glyphosatecompounds. The study was conducted using an experimental method with four treatments of glyphosate concentrationincluding control. The treatment consists of four goats with age of 12 months. The results showed that glyphosate treatmentin feed influenced the development and tissue of the goats. The higher the concentration of the residue exposed to the feed,the higher the residual concentration of glyphosate in livestock blood, namely 0.2377 ppm (P1), 0.3118 ppm (P2), and 0.9377ppm (P3), respectively. The results of the observation on livestock organ tissue showed that there was severe damage to theliver and minor damage to the lung, gastric and kidney tissue. The higher the concentration of the residue exposed to thefeed, the higher the residual concentration of glyphosate in livestock blood and causing more damage

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Toxicologic Pathology and Background Lesions of Nonhuman Primates

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data

The Influence of Geographical Origin, Age, Sex, and Animal Husbandry on the Spontaneous Histopathology of Laboratory Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca Fascicularis): A Contemporary Global and Multisite Review of Historical Control Data

Immunogenicity of Oral Vaccine Candidate in Recombinant Lactococcus lactis Expressing HBcAg and IFNα-2b for Hepatitis B Prevention

Glyphosate Contamination at Several Concentrations And Its Impact onChanges in Goat (Capra hircus) Organ Tissue

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