Toxicologic implications of the metabolism of thiram, dimethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes in rats

Dalvi, Prasad S.; Wilder-Kofie, T.; Mares, B.; Dalvi, R. R.; Billups, Leonard H.

doi:10.1016/s0048-3575(02)00149-9

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Repulsion between the fractional positive charge developed on N and C leads to cleavage of the N–C bond, forming dialkyl amine and CS 2 (Joris et al , ). Dimethyldithiocarbamate and CS 2 are mainly responsible for the hepatotoxicity (Dalvi et al , ). The probable pathway for the degradation of thiram is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of thiram in water, soil and plants: a study by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Gupta

Rani

Kumar

2011

Biomedical Chromatography

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A comprehensive study was conducted to evaluate the persistence of thiram in water and soil under controlled conditions and on two plants, namely tomato and radish, in field conditions. In order to follow the decay of the pesticide, an HPLC procedure was developed employing an octadecyl endcapped RP-C18 column using a mixture of acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase and an ultraviolet detector. Studies conducted in water at different temperature, pH and organic content revealed that the persistence of the pesticide decreases with the increase in all the three variables. In the three different types of soils studied, the effect of pH was more or less apparent on a similar line. On average a slower decay was observed in the case of plants than in water and soil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation of thiram in water, soil and plants: a study by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Gupta

Rani

Kumar

2011

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…In detail, among EBDCs were mancozeb, zineb and metiram, and among DMDCs were thiram and ziram. It was previously documented that these organosulfur fungicides were closely associated with the increases in ALT and AST in humans and animals, which indicated damages to hepatic function 54 55 56 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Health effect of agricultural pesticide use in China: implications for the development of GM crops

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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It is notable that the adoption of GM glyphosate-tolerant crops increases glyphosate use but reduces non-glyphosate herbicide use; and adoption of GM insect-resistant crops significantly reduces insecticide use. While the health hazard of pesticide use has been well documented, little literature evaluates the health effects of different pesticides related to GM crops in an integrated framework. This study aims to associate the uses of different pesticides related to GM crops with the blood chemistry panel and peripheral nerve conduction of Chinese farmers. Pesticides used by farmers were recorded and classified as glyphosate, non-glyphosate herbicides, chemical lepidopteran insecticides, biological lepidopteran insecticides, non-lepidopteran insecticides and fungicides. The multivariate regression results show that none of the examined 35 health indicators was associated with glyphosate use, while the use of non-glyphosate herbicides was likely to induce renal dysfunction and decrease of serum folic acid. The use of chemical lepidopteran insecticides might be associated with hepatic dysfunction, serum glucose elevation, inflammation and even severe nerve damage. In this context, if GM crops are adopted, the alterations in pesticide use may benefit farmer health in China and globe, which has positive implications for the development of GM crops.

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“…Of the different metabolites formed, dimethyl dithiocarbamate and oxons seem to persist for a longer time period and are reported to be highly toxic. [4,22] The metabolites 2(N,Ndimethyl amino)thiazoline carboxylic acid and 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidine identified in radish leaf and root and tomato fruit are also reported to be toxic and have been identified in rat metabolism also. [23] The said metabolites independently or synergistically enhance the toxicity of the pesticide.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] DMDTC and CS 2 are mainly responsible for the hepatotoxicity. [4] The probable pathway for the fate of DMDTC in acidic conditions is shown in Figure 4.…”

Section: Identification Of Degradation Products For Tomato Fruit (T 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of degradation products of thiram in water, soil and plants using LC-MS technique

Gupta

Rani

Kumar

et al. 2012

Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B

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In order to evaluate the deleterious effects of exposure to pesticides on a target population, a comprehensive study on their degradation in the various segments of ecosystem under varying environmental conditions is needed. In view of this, a study has been carried out on the metabolic pathways of thiram, a dithiocarbamate fungicide, in a variety of matrices namely water and soil under controlled conditions and plants in field conditions. The identification of degradation products was carried out in samples collected at various time points using LC-MS. The degradation products identified can be rationalized as originating by a variety of processes like hydrolysis, oxidation, N-dealkylation and cyclization. As a result of these processes the presence of some metabolites like dimethyl dithiocarbamate, bis(dimethyl carbamoyl) disulphide, bis(dimethyl dithiocarbamoyl) trisulphide and N-methyl-amino-dithiocarbamoyl sulphide was observed in all the cases. However, some different metabolites were observed with the change in the matrix or its characteristics such as cyclised products 2(N, N-dimethyl amino)thiazoline carboxylic acid and 2-thioxo-4-thiazolidine were observed only in plants. The investigations reflect that degradation initiates with hydrolysis, subsequently oxidation/dealkylation, followed by different types of reactions. The pathways seem to be complex and dependent on the matrices. Dimethyl dithiocarbamate and oxon metabolites, which are more toxic than parent compound, seem to persist for a longer time. Results indicate persistence vis-a-vis toxicity of pesticide and its metabolites and also provide a data bank of metabolites for forensic and epidemiological investigations.

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Toxicologic implications of the metabolism of thiram, dimethyldithiocarbamate and carbon disulfide mediated by hepatic cytochrome P450 isozymes in rats

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Degradation of thiram in water, soil and plants: a study by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Degradation of thiram in water, soil and plants: a study by high‐performance liquid chromatography

Health effect of agricultural pesticide use in China: implications for the development of GM crops

Identification of degradation products of thiram in water, soil and plants using LC-MS technique

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