Toxicokinetics of pristine and aged silver nanoparticles in Physa acuta

Abstract

Nanoparticle characteristics and exposure route greatly influence the toxicokinetics of pristine and (simulated) aged silver nanoparticles in Physa acuta.

Trophic Transfer and Toxicity of (Mixtures of) Ag and TiO2 Nanoparticles in the Lettuce–Terrestrial Snail Food Chain

“…After being ingested into the gastrointestinal tract of snails, xenobiotics will undergo extracellular and/or intracellular digestion in the digestive gland. 41 , 42 Subsequently, size-related translocation occurs inside snails. 41 , 42 Only nanoparticles that can cross the epithelium cell membranes in snails are able to be further transported into the foot, mantle, and possibly even the brain and shell of the snails, while the larger nanoparticles will remain in the digestive gland or pass into the intestine for excretion.…”

“… 41 , 42 Subsequently, size-related translocation occurs inside snails. 41 , 42 Only nanoparticles that can cross the epithelium cell membranes in snails are able to be further transported into the foot, mantle, and possibly even the brain and shell of the snails, while the larger nanoparticles will remain in the digestive gland or pass into the intestine for excretion. 41 , 42 This is why ionic Ag is more readily assimilated and translocated into other organs of snails than the particulate form.…”

“…After being ingested into the gastrointestinal tract of snails, xenobiotics will undergo extracellular and/or intracellular digestion in the digestive gland. , Subsequently, size-related translocation occurs inside snails. , Only nanoparticles that can cross the epithelium cell membranes in snails are able to be further transported into the foot, mantle, and possibly even the brain and shell of the snails, while the larger nanoparticles will remain in the digestive gland or pass into the intestine for excretion. , This is why ionic Ag is more readily assimilated and translocated into other organs of snails than the particulate form. This hypothesis was supported by our findings that (1) more than 40% of Ag was distributed in the soft tissues of snails consuming lettuce exposed to Ag + but less than 10% of Ag or Ti was distributed in soft tissues of snails consuming lettuce exposed to AgNPs or TiO 2 NPs and (2) the biomagnification of Ag occurred in the soft tissues and the digestive gland of snails of the Ag + treatment (TTFs > 1), but no biomagnification was observed in snail organs of the AgNP treatments (TTFs < 1).…”

Emerging investigator series: metal nanoparticles in freshwater: transformation, bioavailability and effects on invertebrates

“… 128,174 However, notably, the Ag + elimination rate was not as high as the AgNP form, suggesting that the ion form may have more time to trigger the stress. 174 Unlike the endocytosis pathway for MNPs, the uptake mechanism of the metal ion is mainly via ion transport channels, such as the proton-coupled Na + channels. 127 The uptake pathway is a vitally important factor in determining the intracellular fate and toxicity of the AgNPs in the estuarine mud snail Peringia ulvae .…”

The bioaccumulation testing strategy for manufactured nanomaterials: physico-chemical triggers and read across from earthworms in a meta-analysis

“…Metal uptake and elimination of Ag NPs in the estuarine snail utilised ICP-MS to measure total metal concentrations in the tissues. 45 Studies using freshwater snails have measured total metals from Ag NPs and Ag 2 S NPs exposures using atomic absorption spectrometry, 46 and total Cu from CuO NPs using ICP-MS coupled with an isotope tracing technique. 47 The bioaccumulation potential of TiO 2 NPs and SWCNTs was also assessed in a sediment dwelling marine polychaete using ICP-OES.…”