Toxicity to Earthworms and Chemical Composition of Oil Refinery Sludge Destined for Landfarming

Reinecke, A. J.; Wyk, Mia van; Reinecke, S. A.

doi:10.1080/15320383.2016.1218823

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…They claimed that the harmful effects depended on concentration. In another work, Reinecke et al ( 2016 ) assessed the ecotoxicity of soils in a farming area that include oily sludge. As a model organism, they used the earthworm Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta).…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Oily and Tank Bottom Sludgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Hasan,

Kamal,

Farag

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Different petroleum operations produce huge amount of oil sludge annually. For instance, US EPA estimates the annual sludge production of each US refinery of 30,000 tons, while the average oily sludge produced from petrochemical industries in China is estimated about 3 million tons per year. In the last year, our center could recover about 30,206 barrels of raw oil from 32,786 barrels of tank bottom sludge (TBS) for different petroleum companies. This sludge causes huge economic losses besides its negative environmental impacts. The accumulation of sludge in the tanks results in reducing the tanks’ capacity for storing liquid crude, accelerating the corrosion of the tanks, delay in the production schedule, and disturbing the whole production operation. There are diverse treatment methodologies such as solvent treatment, addition of certain chemicals, and centrifuging. Of course, the environmental regulations and the overall cost limitations are very important in deciding the preferred applicable method(s). Although several works handled the problem of sludge deposition and treatment from different aspects, we intend to introduce a different work. First, composition, formation, types, and properties of TBS were reviewed. Then, environmental and economic problems caused by TBS were revised. At last, different methodologies applied for treatment of oily TBS to recover oil and safe disposal of hazardous remains were investigated focusing on the most straightforward and environmentally friendly protocols. It is expected that this review attracts the experts in petroleum chemistry, and other relevant fields and provides a comprehensive understanding of current sludge control and treatment research. Graphical abstract

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Section: Environmental Impacts Of Oily and Tank Bottom Sludgesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Hasan,

Kamal,

Farag

et al. 2024

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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show abstract

“…They found that the toxic effects were concentrationdependent. Reinecke et al [3] used the earthworm Eisenia andrei (Oligochaeta) as a test organism to assess the ecotoxicity of oily sludge-containing soils in a landfarming site. They found that low sludge concentrations detrimentally affected earthworm biomass and reproduction.…”

Section: Environmental Impacts Of Oily Sludgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from being used for the dewatering of oily sludge, ultrasonic extraction can also be exploited to separate the aqueous, oily, and solid phases of oily sludge, aiming at the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons from the sludge [3]. Several authors have investigated the factors that affect the rate of oil recovery to optimize the operational conditions for oil recovery [107][108][109].…”

Section: Ultrasonic Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oily sludge contains potentially toxic petroleum hydrocarbon species, heavy metals, and possibly radionuclides. It has been shown that oily sludge has toxic effects on earthworms [3], affects the growth of plants [4], and could have adverse impacts on human health [5]. Therefore, oily sludge is considered a hazardous material that requires safe handling to minimize its adverse environmental impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trend in Research on Characterization, Environmental Impacts and Treatment of Oily Sludge: A Systematic Review

Niu¹,

Sun²,

Lin

2022

Molecules

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Oily sludge is a hazardous material generated from the petroleum industry that has attracted increasing research interest. Although several review articles have dealt with specific subtopics focusing on the treatment of oily sludge based on selected references, no attempt has been made to demonstrate the research trend of oily sludge comprehensively and quantitatively. This study conducted a systematic review to analyze and evaluate all oily sludge-related journal articles retrieved from the Web of Science database. The results show that an increase in oily sludge-related research did not take place until recent years and the distribution of the researchers is geographically out of balance. Most oily sludge-related articles focused on treatment for harmfulness reduction or valorization with limited coverage of formation, characterization, and environmental impact assessment of oily sludge. Pyrolytic treatment has attracted increasing research attention in recent years. So far, the research findings have been largely based on laboratory-scale experiments with insufficient consideration of the cost-effectiveness of the proposed treatment methods. Although many methods have been proposed, few alone could satisfactorily achieve cost-effective treatment goals. To enable sustainable management of oily sludge on a global scale, efforts need to be made to fund more research projects, especially in the major oil-producing countries. Pilot-scale experiments using readily available and affordable materials should be encouraged for practical purposes. This will allow a sensible cost-benefit analysis of a proposed method/procedure for oily sludge treatment. To improve the treatment performance, combined methods are more desirable. To inform the smart selection of methods for the treatment of different oily sludge types, it is suggested to develop universally accepted evaluation systems for characterization and environmental risk of oily sludge.

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Threatened southern African soils: A need for appropriate ecotoxicological risk assessment

Eijsackers

Reinecke

et al. 2017

Environmental Impact Assessment Review

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Toxicity to Earthworms and Chemical Composition of Oil Refinery Sludge Destined for Landfarming

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Petroleum sludge formation and its treatment methodologies: a review

Trend in Research on Characterization, Environmental Impacts and Treatment of Oily Sludge: A Systematic Review

Threatened southern African soils: A need for appropriate ecotoxicological risk assessment

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