Toxicity Study and Quantitative Evaluation of Polyethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice

Lee, Sijoon; Kang, Kyung-Ku; Sung, Soo-Eun; Choi, Joo-Hee; Sung, Minkyoung; Seong, Keum‐Yong; Lee, Sunjong; Yang, Seung Yun; Seo, Min–Soo; Kim, KilSoo

doi:10.3390/polym14030402

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…These experiments provide new insight into the biological effects of microplastics. The difference between our previous study on the toxicity of polyethylene microplastics [ 41 ] and the results of the present study suggests that there may be differences in biological effects depending on the type of plastic. This hypothesis can be tested with in vivo experiments using other plastics, such as PS, PET, and polyamides.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…PS is distributed to the liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, and affects energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and neurological function [ 40 ]. Additionally, our previous study showed that polyethylene microplastics can induce granulomatous inflammation in the lungs after four-week repeated oral administrations [ 41 ]. Thus, microplastics may be toxic to various tissues, including reproductive and nervous systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vivo Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Polytetrafluoroethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice

et al. 2022

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The increased use of plastics has led to severe environmental pollution, particularly by microplastics—plastic particles 5 mm or less in diameter. These particles are formed by environmental factors such as weathering and ultraviolet irradiation, thereby making environmental pollution worse. This environmental pollution intensifies human exposure to microplastics via food chains. Despite potential negative effects, few toxicity assessments on microplastics are available. In this study, two sizes of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microplastics, approximately 5 μm and 10–50 μm, were manufactured and used for single and four-week repeated toxicity and pharmacokinetic studies. Toxicological effects were comprehensively evaluated with clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, necropsy findings, and histopathological and clinical-pathological examinations. Blood collected at 15, 30 60, and 120 min after a single administration of microplastics were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy. In the toxicity evaluation of single and four-week repeated oral administration of PTFE microplastics, no toxic changes were observed. Therefore, the lethal dose 50 (LD50) and no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) of PTFE microplastics in ICR mice were established as 2000 mg/kg or more. PTFE microplastics were not detected in blood, so pharmacokinetic parameters could not be calculated. This study provides new insight into the long-term toxicity and pharmacokinetics of PTFE microplastics.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Polytetrafluoroethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice

et al. 2022

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“…72 Animal studies are limited to wild captured animals where MPs were only characterized by physical properties 78,79 or dosing studies with the few MP synthetics for which there are engineered standards. 80,81 There are very few exceptions that we will discuss below in context with actual human exposures. 82,83 Human cell studies are advancing but have been chiefly limited to lung cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast with environmental MP methods, techniques to measure MP and associated chemicals in the workplace are well established and can capture all particles in the air or can replicate deposition on the airway and lungs. [80][81][82] Particles can be separated by size, weighed whole, and easily analyzed for the expected chemicals from a known source. In the case of a production plant, the knowledge of parent compounds clearly informs the selection of the appropriate analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Worker studies suggest unique liver carcinogenicity potential of polyvinyl chloride microplastics

Zarus,

Muianga,

Brenner

et al. 2023

American J Industrial Med

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BackgroundPlastic debris pervades our environment. Some breaks down into microplastics (MPs) that can enter and distribute in living organisms causing effects in multiple target organs. MPs have been demonstrated to harm animals through environmental exposure. Laboratory animal studies are still insufficient to evaluate human impact. And while MPs have been found in human tissues, the health effects at environmental exposure levels are unclear.AimWe reviewed and summarized existing evidence on health effects from occupational exposure to MPs. Additionally, the diverse effects documented for workers were organized by MP type and associated co‐contaminants. Evidence of the unique effects of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) on liver was then highlighted.MethodsWe conducted two stepwise online literature reviews of publications focused on the health risks associated with occupational MP exposures. This information was supplemented with findings from animal studies.ResultsOur analysis focused on 34 published studies on occupational health effects from MP exposure with half involving exposure to PVC and the other half a variety of other MPs to compare. Liver effects following PVC exposure were reported for workers. While PVC exposure causes liver toxicity and increases the risk of liver cancers, including angiosarcomas and hepatocellular carcinomas, the carcinogenic effects of work‐related exposure to other MPs, such as polystyrene and polyethylene, are not well understood.ConclusionThe data supporting liver toxicity are strongest for PVC exposure. Overall, the evidence of liver toxicity from occupational exposure to MPs other than PVC is lacking. The PVC worker data summarized here can be useful in assisting clinicians evaluating exposure histories from PVC exposure and designing future cell, animal, and population exposure‐effect research studies.

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“…The toxicity of MNPs also depends on the exposure concentration and dose. A study explored the toxicological effects of MNPs on mice through acute and repeated exposures, demonstrating that the lethal dose of MNPs to rats was higher than 2,000 mg/kg ( 50 ). Five groups of different concentrations ranging from 0 to 2,000 μgL −1 were set up to explore the effects of MNPs on the reproductive system of rats in another study ( 91 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicological effects of micro/nano-plastics on mouse/rat models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Zhang

Yao

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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Micro/nano-plastics (MNPs) are considered a heterogeneous class of environmental contaminants that cause multiple toxic effects on biological species. As the commonly used mammalian models to study the effects of MNPs with regard to their toxic effects, the mouse and rat models are making a great contribution to the disciplines of environmental toxicology and medical health. However, the toxic effects of MNPs have not been systematically summarized. Therefore, a systematic review and a meta-analysis of the toxic effects of MNPs on mouse/rat models were conducted. A total of seven main categories were established in this systematic review, and 24 subcategories were further divided according to the specific physiological significance of the endpoint or the classification of the physiological system, which covered all the selected pieces of literature. A total of 1,762 biological endpoints were found, and 52.78% of them were significantly affected. This fact indicates that there are relative factors, including the size, polymer type, concentration, and exposure time of MNPs and different sexes of mouse/rat models that could significantly affect the biological endpoints. These biological endpoints can be classified into various factors, such as the dose–response relationships between MNP concentration and physiological categories of the nervous system, growth, reproduction, digestive tract histopathology, and inflammatory cytokine level, among others. MNPs negatively affected the blood glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, and reproductive function in mice. The reproductive function in male mice is more sensitive to the toxic effects of MNPs. These findings also provide insights into and directions for exploring the evidence and mechanisms of the toxic effects of MNPs on human health. It is clear that more research is required on the pathological mechanisms at the molecular level and the long-term effects of tissue accumulation.

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Toxicity Study and Quantitative Evaluation of Polyethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice

Cited by 31 publications

References 56 publications

In Vivo Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Polytetrafluoroethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice

In Vivo Toxicity and Pharmacokinetics of Polytetrafluoroethylene Microplastics in ICR Mice

Worker studies suggest unique liver carcinogenicity potential of polyvinyl chloride microplastics

Toxicological effects of micro/nano-plastics on mouse/rat models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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