Toxicity Reference Values for the Toxic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Aquatic Mammals

Kannan, Kurunthachalam; Blankenship, Alan L.; Jones, Paul D.; Giesy, John P.

doi:10.1080/10807030091124491

Cited by 298 publications

(231 citation statements)

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“…Following Jepson et al (2005), we derived the summed concentration of the ICES7 CBs in each sampled animal. Multiplying this figure by three gives a figure that is equivalent to the Aroclor 1254 value reported by Kannan et al (2000). On this basis, the threshold was frequently exceeded in both porpoises (47% of individuals) and common dolphins (40%) in the present study, especially porpoises from the southern North Sea (74%) and common dolphins inhabiting waters off the French coast (50%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…A S-PCB level of 17 mg g À1 lipid in liver has been reported as a threshold level for effects on reproduction in aquatic mammals (Kannan et al, 2000). Since this value was based on comparison with the main peaks in the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1254, this level cannot be directly compared with our S 18 -PCB (or S 16 -PCB) levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Based on results of studies on mink, otters and seals, a S-PCB level of 17 mg g À1 lipid in blubber has been estimated as the threshold level for effects on reproduction in aquatic mammals (Kannan et al, 2000) and this value was previously applied in a study of bottlenose dolphins by Schwacke et al (2002). For comparison with this figure, which was based on the commercial PCB mixture Aroclor 1254, we also derived the ''ICES7'' value (the sum of concentrations of CB28, CB52, CB101, CB118, CB138, CB153, CB180), since three times this value is equivalent to the Aroclor 1254 value (Jepson et al, 2005).…”

Section: Pop Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Pierce

Santos

Murphy

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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High PCB levels were recorded in porpoises and common dolphins from European coasts. AbstractConcentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in blubber of female common dolphins and harbour porpoises from the Atlantic coast of Europe were frequently above the threshold at which effects on reproduction could be expected, in 40% and 47% of cases respectively. This rose to 74% for porpoises from the southern North Sea. PCB concentrations were also high in southern North Sea fish. The average pregnancy rate recorded in porpoises (42%) in the study area was lower than in the western Atlantic but that in common dolphins (25%) was similar to that of the western Atlantic population. Porpoises that died from disease or parasitic infection had higher concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) than animals dying from other causes. Few of the common dolphins sampled had died from disease or parasitic infection. POP profiles in common dolphin blubber were related to individual feeding history while those in porpoises were more strongly related to condition.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Pop Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Pierce

Santos

Murphy

et al. 2008

Environmental Pollution

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“…In addition, three franciscana dolphins (two males from SP and SC, and 1 female from SP) exhibited ΣTEQ concentrations within the range of threshold levels for TEQs in livers of aquatic mammals that are capable of eliciting physiological effects (160 to 1400 pg.g −1 , l.w.) (Kannan et al, 2000). Contamination with pollutants that have been shown to be risk factors for cancer, immune deficiency and reproductive abnormalities (Schecter et al, 2006) constitutes a matter of concern for all species.…”

Section: Franciscana Dolphinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Dorneles

Sanz

Eppe

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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• Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans • Negative correlations were found between length and TEQ values in franciscanas.• PCB concentrations found are among the highest ever reported for cetaceans. a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o Blubber samples from three delphinid species (false killer whale, Guiana and rough-toothed dolphin), as well as liver samples from franciscana dolphins were analyzed for dioxins and related compounds (DRCs). Samples were collected from 35 cetaceans stranded or incidentally captured in a highly industrialized and urbanized area (Southeast and Southern Brazilian regions). Dioxin-like PCBs accounted for over 83% of the total TEQ for all cetaceans. Non-ortho coplanar PCBs, for franciscanas (82%), and mono-ortho PCBs (up to 80%), for delphinids, constituted the groups of highest contribution to total TEQ. Regarding franciscana dolphins, significant negative correlations were found between total length (TL) and three variables, ΣTEQ-DRCs, ΣTEQ-PCDF and ΣTEQ non-ortho PCB. An increasing efficiency of the detoxifying activity with the growth of the animal may be a plausible explanation for these findings. This hypothesis is reinforced by the significant negative correlation found between TL and PCB126/PCB169 concentration ratio. DRC concentrations (ng/g lipids) varied from 36 to 3006, for franciscana dolphins, as well as from 356 to 30,776, for delphinids. The sum of dioxin-like and indicator PCBs varied from 34,662 to 279,407 ng/g lipids, for Guiana dolphins from Rio de Janeiro state, which are among the highest PCB concentrations ever reported for cetaceans. The high concentrations found in our study raise concern not only on the conservation of Brazilian coastal cetaceans, but also on the possibility of human health problem due to consumption of fish from Brazilian estuaries.

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“…Such findings can be explained by the high trophic level of the species and the overall contamination of the Mediterranean Sea (Gómez-Gutiérrez et al, 2007;UNEP, 2002). These concentrations are higher than a threshold (3 Â RICES7 > 17 lg.g À1 lw), up to which OC could have a toxicological effect on immune and reproductive systems (Jepson et al, 2005;Kannan et al, 2000). Furthermore, an important contamination of the whole body, and not only in the outer most blubber layer, is suspected because high concentrations have been found in muscle samples .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Toothed whales in the northwestern Mediterranean: Insight into their feeding ecology using chemical tracers

Praca

Laran²,

Lepoint

et al. 2011

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tRisso's dolphins, pilot whales and sperm whales rarely strand in the northwestern Mediterranean. Thus, their feeding ecology, through the analysis of stomach contents, is poorly known. The aim of this study was to gain further insight into the segregation/superposition of the diet and habitat of Risso's dolphins, pilot whales and sperm whales using chemical tracers, namely, stable isotopes (d N values were obtained in Risso's dolphins (11.7 ± 0.7‰), sperm whales (10.8 ± 0.3‰) and pilot whales (9.8 ± 0.3‰), revealing different trophic levels. These differences are presumably due to various proportions of Histioteuthidae cephalopods in each toothed whale's diet. Similar d 13 C contents between species indicated long-term habitat superposition or corroborated important seasonal migrations. Lower congener 180 concentrations (8.20 vs. 21.73 lg.g À1 lw) and higher tDDT/ tPCB ratios (0.93 vs. 0.42) were observed in sperm whales compared with Risso's dolphins and may indicate wider migrations for the former. Therefore, competition between these species seems to depend on different trophic levels and migration patterns.

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Toxicity Reference Values for the Toxic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Aquatic Mammals

Cited by 298 publications

References 0 publications

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality

High accumulation of PCDD, PCDF, and PCB congeners in marine mammals from Brazil: A serious PCB problem

Toothed whales in the northwestern Mediterranean: Insight into their feeding ecology using chemical tracers

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