Toxicity potential of Grassate® a non-selective herbicide on snails (<i>Achachatina marginata</i>) and earthworms (<i>Aporrectodea longa</i>)

Ogeleka, Doris Fovwe; Onwuemene, C. J.; Okieimen, F. E.

doi:10.1080/02757540.2017.1320393

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Factors considered for classification include: exposure, safety consideration, indicator for water utilization and water quality amongst others. The risk levels are categorized in a numbered format [12,13]. Each hazard is given a rating, and this was multiplied by the probability that these hazards would occur using the relationship:…”

Section: Risk Assessment For Surface Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the likelihood or probability of consumption are rated as 1 (seldom -A -yearly), 2 (frequent -B -quarterly), 3 (very likely -Cmonthly). 4 (near certain -D -weekly) and 5 (certain -Edaily) (Table 4) [12,13].…”

Section: Risk Assessment For Surface Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, it also implies that for a 0% conformance and daily exposure, the risk level would be high, which is Risk level = hazard severity (5) x (probability of exposure) 5 (E) = 25 or 5E However, since it is affecting aquatic animals (A), plants (P) and environment (E), it would be classified as 5E (A, P, E). [13]; WQI = Source: Javid et al, [14] The following is a guide as to precautions to be taken when discharging effluent into receiving water bodies 1 x 5 = 5 = Low -adjudged suitable for aquatic organisms 2 x 5 = 10 = Moderate-not suitable for aquatic organism 3 x 5 = 15 = Medium -not suitable for aquatic organisms 4 x 5 = 20 = High -not suitable for aquatic organisms would lead to damage in species vital organs 5 x 5 = 25 = Very high (extreme) -not suitable for aquatic resources would lead to fish kill and other aquatic organisms…”

Section: Risk Assessment For Surface Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Surface Water Receiving Abattoir Effluent

Ogeleka¹,

Emegha²,

Okieimen³

2021

SJC

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Background: This research examined the surface water ecotoxicological risk of untreated abattoir effluent discharged directly into nearby rivers that could result in likely damage to aquatic species. Objective: The study was aimed at evaluating the deleterious ecological effects resulting from discharge of abattoir effluent into surface waters of some selected rivers in Effurun metropolis, Delta State, Nigeria. Method: The American Public Health Association (APHA) standard protocol was used for testing the water quality in addition to the Surface Water Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment Matrix (SW-ERAM), which was used to evaluate the ecological effects. Results: The pH values ranged from 5.48±0.14 (Agbaroh river) to 6.76±0.18 (Agbaroh abattoir effluent) indicating a slightly acidic environment. The waters were moderately to highly turbid with values between 10±1 NTU and 196.11±9.0 NTU. Total suspended solids (TSS) were relatively high and varied from 14±1.0 (Ugbomro river -control) to 242±12 (Ekpan abattoir effluent). Besides the control, the water samples from all the locations showed high levels of total coliform bacteria. The risk level was rated high [5E or 25 (A, P, E)], which was designated as harmful and capable of affecting aquatic animals (A), plants (P) and the environment (E). Conclusion: The indication from this study is that continuous discharge of untreated abattoir effluent into surface waters may pose threat to aquatic species and human health.

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Section: Risk Assessment For Surface Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Assessment For Surface Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Risk Assessment For Surface Water Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Surface Water Receiving Abattoir Effluent

Ogeleka¹,

Emegha²,

Okieimen³

2021

SJC

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“…Key amongst them, are soil dwelling organisms -snails, earthworms, microorganisms etc. and plants -onions, phytoplankton, and invertebrates [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phyto-toxic Influence of an Atrazine-based Selective Herbicide – Arda-force® on Onions (Allium cepa L)

Ogeleka

Obasi

2020

CSIJ

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Introduction: The constant impact on the environment occasioned by pollution, indiscriminate application of agricultural chemicals, security challenges and crisis in the Niger Delta ecological area of Nigeria has caused severe damage to plants, soil organisms and humans. Aim and Methodology: In this research, onions (Allium cepa L) was exposed to varying concentrations of an atrazine-based selective herbicide Arda-force® to estimate the phyto-toxic effects on the plant species using the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, (OECD) protocol #208. Results: The mean effective concentration (EC50) using root growth inhibition produced indications of phyto-toxicity to the exposed species at a concentration of 0.55 ± 0.06 mg/L. Similarly, the maximum root growth inhibition efficiency relative to the control was 65% as recorded in the highest test concentration of 1.25 mg/L. Discussion: The study indicated that constant application / indiscriminate use of the herbicide Arda-force® could cause deleterious influence on these plant and vegetable species, daily consumed by humans as a rich source of anti-oxidants. Conclusion: This study concluded that atrazine-based herbicide Arda-force® used in this assessment resulted in phyto-toxic effects to Allium cepa L. At the exposed concentrations of the herbicide to non-target specie – Allium cepa L. that are integral parts of the ecosystems, the ‘‘harmless’’ status of atrazine acclaimed by the United State Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is still very much in doubt.

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“…For many of these substances today we still do not have sufficient knowledge about their possible risks and adverse effects on the environment and human. Several of them appear to have a harmful environmental profile and significant levels have been detected in tissues of fish, periwinkles, snails and shrimp in areas where these persistent pesticides have been used [17][18][19][20] . Onion (Allium cepa L) belongs to the bulb crops, a group belonging to the family of Alliaceae.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of Atraforce® - A cotrazine based herbicide on onions (Allium cepa L)

Ogeleka¹,

Okieimen²,

Ataine³

2020

Int. J. Chem. Stud.

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The phyto-toxicological effects of a selective herbicide Atraforce® on onions (Allium cepa L) was assessed using the standard protocol of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) # 208. The mean specific % growth rate relative to the control recorded was 77 ± 1.0, 70 ± 0.0, 60 ± 0.5, 47 ± 0.5 and 21 ± 0.44% with respect to the exposed concentrations (0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L). The mean effective concentration (EC50) for Atraforce® using root growth was 0.323 ± 0.02 mg/L, with a safe limit estimated at 0.0323 ± 0.04 mg/L. The Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment Matrix (ERAM) was used to classify Atraforce® as D 4 (P; E; C), that is 16 (P; E; C), which was considered high risk to plants, the environment and community based on the frequency of application / exposure. The results from this appraisal suggested that the use of the herbicide Atraforce® could cause deleterious effects on these viable plant and vegetable species.

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Toxicity potential of Grassate® a non-selective herbicide on snails (Achachatina marginata) and earthworms (Aporrectodea longa)

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Surface Water Receiving Abattoir Effluent

Ecotoxicological Risk Assessment of Surface Water Receiving Abattoir Effluent

Phyto-toxic Influence of an Atrazine-based Selective Herbicide – Arda-force® on Onions (Allium cepa L)

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of Atraforce® - A cotrazine based herbicide on onions (Allium cepa L)

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