Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Embryo of Javanese Medaka (Oryzias javanicus Bleeker, 1854): A Comparative Study

Abstract

(1) Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely applied in various human products. However, they can be extremely toxic for aquatic organisms, particularly fish. This research was conducted to determine the LC50 of ZnO NPs on the embryos of Javanese medaka (Oryzias javanicus) in ultra-pure, deionized, and dechlorinated tap water; (2) Methods: The experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replicates for six treatments for acute (0.100, 0.250, 0.500, 1.00, 5.00, and 10.00 mg/L) exposures for each type of water; (3) Results: The LC50 of ZnO NPs at 96 h was determined as 0.643 mg/L in ultra-pure water, 1.333 mg/L in deionized water, and 2.370 in dechlorinated tap water. In addition to concentration-dependent toxicity, we also observed time-dependent toxicity for ZnO NPs. In addition, the sizes of ZnO NPs increased immediately after dispersion and were 1079 nm, 3209 nm, and 3652 nm in ultra-pure, deionized, and dechlorinated tap water. The highest concentration of measured Zn2+ in exposure concentrations was found in ultra-pure water, followed by deionized and dechlorinated tap water suspensions. Furthermore, Javanese medaka showed high sensitivity to acute exposure of ZnO NPs in all types of water.

Dietary Transfer of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Induces Locomotive Defects Associated with GABAergic Motor Neuron Damage in Caenorhabditis elegans

“…The TEM image of ZnO-NPs used in the present study was shown in Figure S1 . A previous study also reported the TEM image and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results of ZnO-NPs [ 33 ]. The concentrations of Zn released from ZnO-NPs in a Luria–Bertani broth (LB) medium during the 8 h E. coli exposure period were determined at 0, 4, 6, and 8 h at 37 °C.…”

Developmental Toxicity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on the Early Life Stage of Java Medaka (Oryzias javanicus Bleeker, 1856)

“…Embryos were induced to five distinct exposure levels of ZnO NPs (10, 25, 50, 100, and 150 µg/L). In our earlier work, the characterization of ZnO NPs for size in powder form using an X-ray diffraction spectrometer (XRD), shape or morphology using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and size distribution and surface charge using dynamic light scattering (DLS) was already reported (Amin et al, 2021).…”

“…Organic-based NPs, for example, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes, and polymer NPs, constitute a separate category. Additionally, compositebased NPs are another type that can be categorized based on their structural constituents (Amin et al, 2021). The hazards and advantages of these new materials have been extensively debated.…”

Graphene Oxide Modified Microtubular ZnO Antibacterial Agents for a Photocatalytic Filter in a Facial Mask

“…After multiple bending and periodic turbulence impact, the nanoparticles in the filters easily fell off from the matrix and then breathed into the human body through the respiratory tract. These nanoparticles aggregating in human tissues lead to local inflammation in human tissue cells through ion precipitation, oxidative stress, and other reactions, thereby affecting the normal gene expression and physiological metabolism of cells causing serious disease manifestations. , It has been found that the morphology, particle size, contact time, and concentration of nanoparticles have potential toxicity to biological cells . Therefore, the reduction of nanoscaled agents on filters is essential to seek a high-efficient antibacterial agent with a size greater than the pore of the filter.…”