Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride and Poly(Vinyl Chloride): A Critical Review

Wagoner, Joseph K.

doi:10.2307/3429651

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Micro‐ and nanoscopic (<1 μm) plastic and nonplastic particles exert damage through the combined effect of their intrinsic toxicity and their large surface area. For example inhalation of PVC dust by humans can cause, depending on monomer composition and size, lung and liver damage through tissue fibrosis and cancer (Wagoner 1983).…”

Section: Does Ingestion Of Microplastic Have Any Toxicological Conseqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic—an emerging contaminant of potential concern?

Browne¹,

Galloway²,

Thompson³

2007

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

705

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Does Ingestion Of Microplastic Have Any Toxicological Conseqmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic—an emerging contaminant of potential concern?

Browne¹,

Galloway²,

Thompson³

2007

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

705

196

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…VC is a known human carcinogen (ATSDR, 1997). Long-term exposure to low levels of VC has been associated with liver tumors, including hepatic angiosarcoma (Heath et al, 1975;Thomas et al, 1975;Wagoner, 1983;ATSDR,1997),andacuteexposurestoVChaveresulted in death (ATSDR, 1997). Sources of release of VC to the environment include the emissions and effluents from plastic industries, the disposal of VC wastes in landfills, the incomplete combustion of PVC, and tobacco smoke (ATSDR, 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference range concentrations of N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L -cysteine, a common metabolite of several volatile organic compounds, in the urine of adults in the United States

Calafat

Barr

Pirkle

et al. 1999

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L-cysteine (2-hydroxyethyl mercapturic acid, HEMA) is a urinary metabolite of several hazardous chemicals, including vinyl chloride (VC), ethylene oxide (EO), and ethylene dibromide (EDB). Information about the levels of HEMA in the general population is useful for assessing human exposures to HEMA parent compounds, including VC, EO, and EDB. To establish reference range concentrations for HEMA, we analyzed urine samples from 412 adult participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) by using isotope-dilution high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). HEMA was detected in 71% of the samples examined. Creatinine-corrected concentrations ranged from less than 0.68 g/g creatinine to 58.7 g/g creatinine; the 95th percentile concentration was 11.2 g/g creatinine; and the geometric mean and median creatinine-corrected concentrations were both 1.6 g/g creatinine. We observed a statistically significant difference (P=0.0001) in the creatinine-corrected geometric mean concentration values of HEMA between smokers (2.8 g/g creatinine) and nonsmokers (1.1 g/g creatinine). The high levels of HEMA seen among smokers likely originated from HEMA-producing chemicals known to be present in tobacco smoke.

show abstract

“…It is surprising because the toxic heavy metals such as Lead and Cadmium both are essentially used as stabilizer or additives for PVC Plastic to impart light weight and enhance anti weathering properties of PVC [17,18]. The toxicity of PVC has been proved long ago to cause brain, liver and lung damages [19]. The PE polymers have specific medical application reportedly in cephalosporin based nanomedicine using the multi walled carbon nanotubes [20,21].…”

Section: Environmental and Health Hazards Of Plasticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioplastic Feasibility: Plastic Waste Disaster Management

Lakhawat¹,

Singh²,

Kumar³

et al. 2020

jcr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bioplastics and biodegradable plastics represent the special class of plastics which are produced by using biological processes and are biodegradable in nature. The manufacturing of bioplastic is different in comparison to biodegradable plastics. The biodegradable plastics are ecofriendly in nature and hence leave no waste. They are manufactured from the mixture of biopolymer and bioplasticizer.The biodegradable plastics suffers from certain weakness such as low water resistance, weak tensile strength etc. which can be improved using Electrospun technology. Comparatively the plastics are very toxic in nature when subjected to heat .The plasticizers such as Phthalate leaches from the plastic surface upon heating and it is a proven carcinogen. The recent studies on bioplastics focuses upon the food grade bioplastic packaging.The replacement of plastic with bioplastic in near future is strictly possible by controlling the cost of production.

show abstract

Toxicity of Vinyl Chloride and Poly(Vinyl Chloride): A Critical Review

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

Microplastic—an emerging contaminant of potential concern?

Microplastic—an emerging contaminant of potential concern?

Reference range concentrations of N-acetyl-S-(2-hydroxyethyl)-L -cysteine, a common metabolite of several volatile organic compounds, in the urine of adults in the United States

Bioplastic Feasibility: Plastic Waste Disaster Management

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About