Toxicity of Two Fixed Plant Oils by Using a New Fumigant Method Against Trogoderma granarium Everts and Stegopium paniceum (L.)

Abstract

The present research was achieved to study the toxicity of fixed oils of clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum) and spearmint leaves(Mentha spicata) against larvae and adults of Khapra beetle, Trogoderma granarium Everts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) and the adults of the drugstore beetle, Stegobium paniceum (L.) by using a new fumigant technique. Germination test was conducted in order to assess the effect of tested oils at the highest concentration on wheat seeds after 24 hrs. A GC/MS analysis was performed to record the main chemical constituents in tested oils. Analysis of the toxicity data showed that, clove fixed oil exhibited the strongest fumigant toxicity against all tested insects. T.granarium larvae showed a very high resistance against both oils comparing with adults. Germination test showed no adverse effect of the tested oils on wheat seeds germination comparing with control. The GC chromatogram of clove buds fixed oil showed that, the main constituents were eugenol (37.43%) eugenol acetate (11.47%), caryophellene (10.44 %), linoleic acid (9.42%) and caryophellene oxide (8.58%). The GC-MS chromatogram of spearmint fixed oil showed that, the main constituents were carvone (33.9%) and limonene (2.7%).

Repellent and Toxicant Effects of Eight Essential Oils against the Red Flour Beetle, Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)

“…The high repellent activity of S. aromaticum EO may be due to eugenol because it is the main constituent of clove oil (48.92%) as determined by GC-MS [ 31 ]. Moreover, Boraei [ 32 ] reported that the main component of clove EO was eugenol (37.43%). In many previous studies, this component has been indicated to be a strong repellent compound against many insect pests [ 33 , 34 ].…”