Toxicity of tire debris extracts on human lung cell line A549

Gualtieri, Maurizio; Rigamonti, L; Galeotti, Valentina; Camatini, Marina

doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2005.06.038

Cited by 55 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…A relatively toxic component of tire wear is zinc, while brake wear contains relatively high amounts of the transition metal copper (Gustafsson et al, 2008;Thorpe and Harrison, 2008). The toxicity of tire wear has mainly been tested in vitro using cell cultures rather than an intact organism (Gualtieri et al, 2005;Karlsson et al, 2006;Karlsson et al, 2008;Lindbom et al, 2006;Lindbom et al, 2007). Human alveolar lung cells (A549 cells) were exposed for various time periods (24, 48, and 72 hr) to different concentrations (50, 60, 75 µg/ml) of the organic fraction of pure tire wear particles (Gualtieri et al, 2005).…”

Section: Health Effects and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The toxicity of tire wear has mainly been tested in vitro using cell cultures rather than an intact organism (Gualtieri et al, 2005;Karlsson et al, 2006;Karlsson et al, 2008;Lindbom et al, 2006;Lindbom et al, 2007). Human alveolar lung cells (A549 cells) were exposed for various time periods (24, 48, and 72 hr) to different concentrations (50, 60, 75 µg/ml) of the organic fraction of pure tire wear particles (Gualtieri et al, 2005). Since it was suggested that toxicity may depend also on the presence of organic compounds, the solvent-extractable organic fraction of tire debris was studied.…”

Section: Health Effects and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Policy Relevance of Wear Emissions from Road Transport, Now and in the Future—An International Workshop Report and Consensus Statement

Gon

Gerlofs-Nijland

Gehrig

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

177

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Road transport emissions are a major contributor to ambient particulate matter concentrations and have been associated with adverse health effects. Therefore, these emissions are targeted through increasingly stringent European emission standards. These policies succeed in reducing exhaust emissions, but do not address "nonexhaust" emissions from brake wear, tire wear, road wear, and suspension in air of road dust.Is this a problem? To what extent do nonexhaust emissions contribute to ambient concentrations of PM 10 or PM 2.5 ? In the near future, wear emissions may dominate the remaining traffic-related PM 10 emissions in Europe, mostly due to the steep decrease in PM exhaust emissions. This underlines the need to determine the relevance of the wear emissions as a contribution to the existing ambient PM concentrations, and the need to assess the health risks related to wear particles, which has not yet received much attention. During a workshop in 2011, available knowledge was reported and evaluated so as to draw conclusions on the relevance of traffic-related wear emissions for air quality policy development. On the basis of available evidence, which is briefly presented in this paper, it was concluded that nonexhaust emissions and in particular suspension in air of road dust are major contributors to exceedances at street locations of the PM 10 air quality standards in various European cities. Furthermore, wear-related PM emissions that contain high concentrations of metals may (despite their limited contribution to the mass of nonexhaust emissions) cause significant health risks for the population, especially those living near intensely trafficked locations. To quantify the existing health risks, targeted research is required on wear emissions, their dispersion in urban areas, population exposure, and its effects on health. Such information will be crucial for environmental policymakers as an input for discussions on the need to develop control strategies.Implications: Road transport particulate matter (PM) emissions are associated with adverse health effects. Stringent policies succeed in reducing the exhaust PM emissions, but do not address "nonexhaust" emissions from brake wear, tire wear, road wear, and suspension in air of road dust. In the near future the nonexhaust emissions will dominate the road transport PM emissions. Based on the limited available evidence, it is argued that dedicated research is required on nonexhaust emissions and dispersion to urban areas from both an air quality and a public health perspective. The implicated message to regulators and policy makers is that road transport emissions continue to be an issue for health and air quality, despite the encouraging rapid decrease of tailpipe exhaust emissions.

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Section: Health Effects and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Effects and Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Policy Relevance of Wear Emissions from Road Transport, Now and in the Future—An International Workshop Report and Consensus Statement

Gon

Gerlofs-Nijland

Gehrig

et al. 2012

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

177

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The range of concentrations was selected considering the data reported by Gualtieri et al [15] while the time of exposure was determined by Moretti et al [16]. Aliquots of samples not incubated with PM10 were used as controls.…”

Section: Sperm Selection and Pm10 Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of PM10 on Human Spermatozoa: An In Vitro Study

et al. 2011

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This study was aimed at evaluating the in vitro effects of particulate matter (ranging from 2.5-10 m in an aerodynamic diameter, PM10) from an urban area on the motility of human spermatozoa.Samples of swim up selected human spermatozoa from three healthy men with normal semen parameters, according to WHO guidelines, were incubated for 4 hours with 10, 50 and 75 μg/ml of PM10. Kinetic parameters were evaluated with Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA) and the presence of apoptosis and necrosis was assessed by AnnexinV/Propidium iodide assay.Data was statistically elaborated.Incubation of sperm with 10 g/ml PM10 for 4 hours did not affect sperm motility. On the contrary, a decrease in progressive motility was evident at 50 g/ml and 75 g/ml PM10. Among the kinetic parameters assessed with CASA system, the linearity variable was significantly lower in sperm treated with 50 g/ml and 75 g/ml PM10 vs controls (P<0.0001) and the amplitude of the lateral head displacement variable was significantly higher in sperm treated with 50 g/ml vs controls (P=0.0211). A substantial increase in necrosis, in up to 30% of sperm, was evident only in samples treated with 75 g/ml PM10.In conclusion, this preliminary study could indicate that PM10 is not potentially harmful to spermatozoa in vitro, except above a very high threshold (50-75 μg/ml) that is difficult to reach in vivo and that motility and viability are only partially affected.

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“…The range of concentrations was selected considering the data reported Gualtieri et al [11]. Aliquots of samples not incubated with TDOE were used as controls.…”

Section: Human Semen Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The organic portion of TD is mainly characterized by the presence of isoprene polymers and other organic hydrocarbons, such as long chain alkanes [9], and it has been demonstrated to induce a dose-dependent increase in cell mortality, DNA damage and a significant modification in cell morphology [10]. For example, Gualtieri et al [11] tested the effects of TD organic extracts at 10, 50, 60 and 75 μg/ml concentrations on the human lung A549 cell line for 24, 48 and 72 hours; the concentrations were calculated by considering the amount of TD inhaled daily by humans from the air of a polluted urban area. This research demonstrated that TD extract, particularly at a concentration of 60 μg/ml, induced a dose dependent increase in cell mortality and DNA damage, concomitant with severe ultrastructural alterations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro Effects of Tire Debris Organic Extracts on Human Spermatozoa

et al. 2011

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Background & objectives:Environmental pollutants have detrimental effects on the reproductive function of human being and of animals. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of tire debris, a fraction of particulate matter derived from tire wear, on motility and morphology of human spermatozoa.Methods: spermatozoa from ten healthy men were incubated for 4 hours with 10, 50 and 75 μg/ml of tire debris organic extract (TDOE). Sperm motility and morphology were evaluated according to WHO guidelines; the presence of apoptosis and necrosis was assessed by the AnnexinV/Propidium iodide assay. Ultrastructure of sperm organelles was observed by transmission electron microscopy.Results: incubation with 10 g/ml of TDOE did not affect sperm quality, except for the value of apoptosis (median: 8% vs. 6%; P<0.01). Sperm motility and sperm morphology percentages (P<0.01)decreased when sperm were treated with 50 and 75 μg/ml TDOE and the percentage of apoptotic and necrotic sperm (P<0.01) increased concomitantly. At the same concentrations TEM analysis showed an increased percentage of reacted and swollen acrosomes, disrupted chromatin and altered axonemes.Interpretation & conclusions: the organic part of tire debris is potentially harmful to spermatozoa, particularly at a concentration of 50-75 μg/ml, inhibiting motility and compromising morphological integrity. Nevertheless, these results cannot yet be extrapolated to the in vivo outcome due to the lack of studies focused on this issue.

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Toxicity of tire debris extracts on human lung cell line A549

Cited by 55 publications

References 35 publications

The Policy Relevance of Wear Emissions from Road Transport, Now and in the Future—An International Workshop Report and Consensus Statement

The Policy Relevance of Wear Emissions from Road Transport, Now and in the Future—An International Workshop Report and Consensus Statement

Effect of PM10 on Human Spermatozoa: An In Vitro Study

In Vitro Effects of Tire Debris Organic Extracts on Human Spermatozoa

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