Toxicity of thermal degradation products of polyethylene and polypropylene

Michal, Jan; Mitera, J.; Tardon, Stanislav

doi:10.1002/fam.810010407

Cited by 43 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Flaming combustion favored the production of CO Table 2 Degradation Products Generated from a Polyethylene During Pyrolysis, Thermooxidation, and Combustion [6] Pyrolysis [iPaiM…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R* + CH^= CH -CH^-R R* + R -CH^-R -> R -CH -R + RH 2 (4) I R -CH = CH^+ R R + R -R -CH = CH^+ RH (5) R + R -» R -R ( 6 ) R 0 + H^C -R R -CH^OH + R…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mlchal et al studied the decomposition products of polyethylenes under three different conditions: pyrolysis in inert atmospheres, thermo-oxidation, and combustion in air [6]. When the p 3 rrolysls products generated from a sample of a commercial polyethylene heated at 400°C under a flow of helium were analyzed by gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS), forty-four different hydrocarbons were identified (Table 2).…”

Section: Inert Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Morikawa Since pure polyethylenes contain no oxygen, no oxygen-containing compounds would be expected to be generated during their pyrolysis in inert atmospheres. However, CO and CO2 have been detected in some studies [6,8].…”

Section: Inert Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…flaming than under non-flaming thermooxidative conditions. Among the numerous organic products generated, acrylic acid was considered the most toxic compound identified [6].…”

Section: Inert Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A literature review of the chemical nature and toxicity of the decomposition products of polythylenes

Paabo¹,

Levin²

1986

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“…Flaming combustion favored the production of CO Table 2 Degradation Products Generated from a Polyethylene During Pyrolysis, Thermooxidation, and Combustion [6] Pyrolysis [iPaiM…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…R* + CH^= CH -CH^-R R* + R -CH^-R -> R -CH -R + RH 2 (4) I R -CH = CH^+ R R + R -R -CH = CH^+ RH (5) R + R -» R -R ( 6 ) R 0 + H^C -R R -CH^OH + R…”

Section: Thermal Decompositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inert Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Inert Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…flaming than under non-flaming thermooxidative conditions. Among the numerous organic products generated, acrylic acid was considered the most toxic compound identified [6].…”

Section: Inert Atmospheresmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A literature review of the chemical nature and toxicity of the decomposition products of polythylenes

Paabo¹,

Levin²

1986

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Polyethylene, High Density

Kissin

2000

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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High density polyethylene (HDPE) is a product of ethylene polymerization with a density of 0.940 g/cm 3 or higher. HDPE resins include both homopolymers of ethylene and its copolymers with α‐olefins. HDPE resins include a large variety of products that differ in molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, and density; they are produced with several classes of catalysts: Phillips catalysts based on chromium oxides, catalysts containing chromium complexes, Ziegler catalysts based on titanium or vanadium compounds, and, in some special cases, metallocene catalysts. Two of the most important industrial processes for manufacturing HDPE are polymerization in a slurry and gas‐phase polymerization. HDPE is one of the largest volume commodity plastics produced in the world, with a worldwide capacity in 1994 of over \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}${14\times 10^{6}{\hskip0.167em}{\hskip0.167em}{\rm{t}}/{\rm{yr}}}$\end{document} . Blow‐molded products represent the biggest use for HDPE resins. They also used for bottles, housewares, toys, pails, drums, tanks, and other similar products. Injection‐molding products are the second largest application; they include housewares, toys, food containers, pails, crates, and cases. HDPE is also used for film manufacture, pipes of various diameters, wire and cable coatings, and foam. Low molecular weight HDPE waxes are used for paper coatings, spray coatings, emulsions, and in printing inks. High molecular weight HDPE is a specialty plastic with a high impact strength and abrasion resistance; it is used in such industrial applications as chemical and mineral processing, electrical equipment, municipal plants, and medical implants. High strength fibers produced with this polymer are used in bullet‐proof jackets and armor.

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Abiotic degradation products from enhanced environmentally degradable polyethylene

1994

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Abiotic degradation products from LDPE with starch + pro-oxidant, LDPE with starch only and pure LDPE were determined as a step towards establishing products resulting from environmental degradation. The samples were subjected to thermal ageing in water at 95°C for 6 weeks or alternatively pre-heated and subsequently immersed in aqueous environments at ambient temperature for 10 months whereafter the water phase was analyzed for degradation products. Altogether over 50 degradation products were identified by GC-MS, mainly ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, lactones and carboxylic acids, the last being most represented. The amount of degradation products formed from the different samples correlated to their molecular weight reductions as measured by SEC but was also dependent on the permeability of the sample, i.e. its ability to allow formed degradation products to diffuse out to the surrounding environment. The addition of both starch and pro-oxidant significantly increased the susceptibility to degradation, while the addition of starch alone gave a noticeable but smaller increase.

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Toxicity of thermal degradation products of polyethylene and polypropylene

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

A literature review of the chemical nature and toxicity of the decomposition products of polythylenes

A literature review of the chemical nature and toxicity of the decomposition products of polythylenes

Polyethylene, High Density

Abiotic degradation products from enhanced environmentally degradable polyethylene

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