Toxicity of the cyanobacterium Limnothrix AC0243 to male Balb/c mice

Humpage, Andrew R.; Falconer, Ian R.; Bernard, Catherine; Froscio, Suzanne; Fabbro, Larelle

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2011.11.019

Cited by 33 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We assume that the apparent controversies in assay results are most probably related to differences in assay methodology as: 1. the type of extract preparation prior injection (lysed cell suspension v.s. extracts devoid cellular debries); 2. the variation in weight and most probably also the condition of test organisms, as already noted by Humpage et al (2012). Bioassays performed on molluscan neuronal models suggested the production of anatoxin-a like metabolites for several ACT C. raciborskii isolates, as revealed by the cholinergic blocking effects recorded by Kiss et al (2002) and Vehovszky et al (2009Vehovszky et al ( , 2012, but this fact was not analytically justified in these investigations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The ecotoxicological evaluation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from Lake Balaton (Hungary) employing a battery of bioassays and chemical screening

Ács

Kovács

Csepregi

et al. 2013

Toxicon

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

The ecotoxicological evaluation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from Lake Balaton (Hungary) employing a battery of bioassays and chemical screening

Ács

Kovács

Csepregi

et al. 2013

Toxicon

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“…[43] and different from the signals typically described for microcystin intoxication [25,36,37], as explained above. The pain symptoms observed in the mice in our experiment may have been caused by the necrosis observed in the liver because pain due to widespread necrosis in a range of tissues would likely have resulted in hind region effects [44]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, this Limnothrix sp. strain exhibited morphological characteristics that were very similar to those of Geitlerinema unigranulatum [44]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Toxicity and Histopathology Induced by the Oral Administration of Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum (Cyanobacteria) Extracts to Mice

et al. 2014

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Cyanobacteria are common members of the freshwater microbiota in lakes and drinking water reservoirs, and are responsible for several cases of human intoxications in Brazil. Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum are examples of the toxic species that are very frequently found in reservoirs in Sao Paulo, which is the most densely populated area in Brazil. In the search for toxic strains collected from water reservoirs and maintained in the Cyanobacterial Culture Collection (CCIBt) of the Institute of Botany of Brazil, the acetic acid extracts (AE) of P. galeata CCIBt 3082 and G. splendidum CCIBt 3223 were analyzed by planar chromatography, which indicated the absence of cyanotoxins. Animal tests were then carried out, and both extracts were found to induce toxic effects in mice when administered intraperitoneally. The present study aimed to investigate whether the oral ingestion of the above mentioned cyanobacteria extracts would also induce toxic effects in mice. Necropsy and histopathological studies were conducted using tissue samples from the animals, which were euthanized one week after the administration of the extracts. The AE of P. galeata did not cause death but did induce transient symptoms, including eyebrow ptosis, straub tail, and pain. The euthanized animals presented hemorrhage in the liver, whereas the histological analysis showed disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma, necrosis, hyperemia, and proximity of the centrilobular vein in the liver. In addition, alterations in the convoluted tubules of the kidneys were observed, and the lungs were unaffected. The AE of G. splendidum caused only one death, and induced transient symptoms, such as dyspnea, paralysis, and pain, in the other mice. The necropsy of the euthanized mice showed hemorrhage in the lungs and liver. The lungs presented hemorrhagic focuses, alveolar collapse, and granulomatous foci. The liver presented hemorrhagic and enlarged sinusoids, hyperemia, proximity of the centrilobular vein, and disorganization of the hepatic parenchyma. Some areas also exhibited an inflammatory infiltrate and calcified tissue inside blood vessels. Necrosis and rupture of the convoluted tubule cells were observed in the kidneys. Further analysis of the both extracts indicated the lack of hemolytic activity, and the presence of two unknown anti-AChE substances in the AE of G. splendidum. Thus, P. galeata and G. splendidum are producers of novel toxins that affect mammals when administered orally.

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“…Indeed, both C. raciborskii and Trichodesmium species have been found to produce different toxins with different, and often unknown, toxicological profile, depending on the geographical areas: this is particularly important for these two subtropical species, due to their spreading into temperate regions, associated to their poleward shift [8]. As another example Limnothrix redekei, which is generally reported to produce MCs, is also able to produce another still unidentified water soluble toxin as it causes in vitro and in vivo effects different from those previously described for known cyanobacterial toxins [101,102]. Since the genus Limnothrix occurs in a range of freshwater habitats that are used as sources of drinking water, the toxicological and chemical characterization of the toxin is an urgent need.…”

Section: Data Gaps and Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Emerging health issues of cyanobacterial blooms

Manganelli

Scardala

Stefanelli

et al. 2012

Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore Di Sanità

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Abstract. This paper describes emerging issue related to cyanobacterial dynamics and toxicity and human health risks. Data show an increasing cyanobacteria expansion and dominance in many environments. However there are still few information on the toxic species fitness, or on the effects of specific drivers on toxin production. Open research fields are related to new exposure scenario (cyanotoxins in water used for haemodialysis and in food supplements); to new patterns of co-exposure between cyanotoxins and algal toxins and/or anthropogenic chemicals; to dynamics affecting toxicity and production of different cyanotoxin variants under environmental stress; to the accumulation of cyanotoxins in the food web. In addition, many data gaps exist in the characterization of the toxicological profiles, especially about long term effects.

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Toxicity of the cyanobacterium Limnothrix AC0243 to male Balb/c mice

Cited by 33 publications

References 15 publications

The ecotoxicological evaluation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from Lake Balaton (Hungary) employing a battery of bioassays and chemical screening

The ecotoxicological evaluation of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii from Lake Balaton (Hungary) employing a battery of bioassays and chemical screening

Analysis of the Toxicity and Histopathology Induced by the Oral Administration of Pseudanabaena galeata and Geitlerinema splendidum (Cyanobacteria) Extracts to Mice

Emerging health issues of cyanobacterial blooms

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