Toxicity of pyrolysis and combustion products of poly‐(vinyl chloride)

Michal, Jan

doi:10.1002/fam.810010205

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Some nonsaturated chlorine-containing hydrocarbons formed at burning (dichlorobutylene, trichlorobutylene, dichloropentadiene, and dichlorocyclopentene) generally do not appear in composition of gas phase at PVC pyrolysis. 7 Proceedings from these data, it is logical to assume that most likely PVC destruction at extrusion occurs with the participation of oxygen. It is obvious that the mechanism of destruction is radical because the processing temperature usually does not exceed 200-2208C.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The noticeable difference in composition of chlorinated hydrocarbons formed at burning and pyrolysis is that in the presence of oxygen greater amount of chlorine‐containing hydrocarbons with double bonds (dichlorobutadiene, dichlorobenzene, and trichlorobenzene) appear. Some nonsaturated chlorine‐containing hydrocarbons formed at burning (dichlorobutylene, trichlorobutylene, dichloropentadiene, and dichlorocyclopentene) generally do not appear in composition of gas phase at PVC pyrolysis 7. Proceedings from these data, it is logical to assume that most likely PVC destruction at extrusion occurs with the participation of oxygen.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermodestruction in the surface layer of poly(vinyl chloride) during extrusion

Lipik¹,

Abadie²,

Prokoptchuk

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Polymeric raw material passing through the extrusion machine and other forming devices undergoes the processes of destruction, which result in the formation of potentially harmful substances and their accumulation in the surface layers of the product directly contacting with heated parts of forming machines. The research of the top layer of a poly(vinyl chloride) profile has shown that the surface layer of polymer contains a number of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The following substances have been identified during the research of the hydrocarbons composition contained of the surface layer: hexachlorobenzene, hexachlorobutene, chloroform, acetyl chloride, biphenyl, anthracene, naphthalene, and other hydrocarbons. The difference of calculated activation energy of thermooxidizing destruction of surface and internal layers of a polymeric product reveals the process of partial destruction of a surface layer. Data about semivolatile substances, concentrating in polymer surface during processing will be used for development of stabilizers, ecology, and polymermanufacturing techniques.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodestruction in the surface layer of poly(vinyl chloride) during extrusion

Lipik¹,

Abadie²,

Prokoptchuk

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…This same effect has been noted previously. 6 Another interesting aspect of air pyrolysis is the formation of oxygen-containing hydrocarbons. Only small amounts of oxygen-containing aliphatic hydrocarbons were detected by PY-GC-EI-MS: methanol, ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetone.…”

Section: Effect Of Oxygen On Pyrolyzate Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are several mechanisms by which H/D mixing could occur during the pyrolysis experiment: (1) H/D exchange in the chromatographic column, GC-MS interface, or mass spectrometer ion source; (2) secondary reactions of pyrolyzates with the "environment" (e.g., walls of pyrolysis system); (3) secondary vapor phase reactions between pyrolyzates; (4) recombination of HCl/DCl with polyene chains; (5) pyrolyzate formation from crosslinked polymer chains; (6) intermolecular H/D transfer to unsaturated sites or disproportionation.…”

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confidence: 99%

The formation of volatile pyrolyzates form poly(vinyl chloride)

Lattimer

Kroenke

1980

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisThe formation of volatile pyrolyzates in poly(viny1 chloride) has been studied by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Isotopic distributions of pyrolyzates from experiments with perdeutero-PVC show that pure conjugated aromatic pyrolyzates (e.g., benzene, styrene, naphthalene, biphenyl, anthracene) are formed mostly via intramolecular cyclization. Mixed aromatic-aliphatic pyrolyzates (e.g., toluene, indene, methylnaphthalene) are formed at least partially via intermolecular (crosslinking and/or hydrogen transfer) mechanisms. Direct scission of the PVC chain to form chlorine-containing pyrolyzates is a very minor degradation pathway. Most chlorine-containing "pyrolyzates" from PVC are due to secondary reactions of HCl with the environment or with non-PVC compounding ingredients. No evidence was found for oxygen-containing pyrolyzates derived from the PVC backbone under conditions of nonflaming pyrolysis in air.

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“…The incineration products of some plastics produced several classes of organic compounds, including PAH, aromatic, aliphatic and halogenated compaunds (62). Studies of a municipal incinerator showed PAH levels on f l y ash to be an order of magnitude higher than in the stack emissions.…”

Section: Organic Emissions From Coal/rdf Combustionmentioning

confidence: 99%