Toxicity of pulse-exposed fenvalerate and esfenvalerate to larval Australian crimson-spotted rainbow fish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)

Holdway, Douglas A.; Barry, Michael J.; Logan, D.C.; Robertson, D. A.; Young, V. H.; Ahokas, J.T.

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(94)90032-9

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A 20-min exposure to fenvalerate caused greater acute toxicity in rainbow fish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis) than an equivalent exposure to TACs over 40,60, and 120 min [12]. Greater contaminant uptake and toxicity was reported for Salmo gairdneri exposed to pulsed Cu (21-465 mg/L for 4-5 h) than for those exposed continuously to equivalent TACs [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Toxicity to Melita plumulosa from intermittent and continuous exposures to dissolved copper

Angel

Simpson

Jolley

2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The concentrations of metal contaminants often fluctuate in estuarine waters; yet we have limited knowledge about the effects of intermittent exposures on estuarine organisms. Using 10-d lethality bioassays with the epibenthic amphipod Melita plumulosa, different combinations of intermittent (pulsed) dissolved Cu exposure were investigated, varying Cu concentration, pulse duration, and time between pulses. Negligible organism mortality was observed immediately after single 12- to 62-h duration pulsed exposures of 100 to 900 µg/L dissolved Cu. However, delayed mortality was observed in the subsequent 96-h nonexposure period, after which negligible additional mortality occurred during the remainder of the 240-h tests. For multiple pulsed exposures, increasing the time between pulses from 0 to 144 h did not result in significantly different mortality rates for 300 and 400 µg/L dissolved copper, indicating that the organisms did not recover between pulses. Organism mortality exhibited a strong relationship with the time-averaged concentration (TAC) resulting from the combination of exposure concentration and duration. The lethal concentration to 50 (LC50), 20 (LC20), and 10% (LC10) (95% confidence interval) of the test population for the combined TAC exposure-survival data were 86 (71-103), 44 (30-64), and 30 (18-49) µg Cu/L, respectively, which were similar to the respective values of 100 (87-114), 55 (43-70), and 39 (28-54) µg Cu/L determined for continuous exposure. The results from the current study support the use of analytical techniques capable of determining the time-averaged concentration of metals, because they will more accurately predict the effects of toxiciants on organisms than single time-point measurements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Toxicity to Melita plumulosa from intermittent and continuous exposures to dissolved copper

Angel

Simpson

Jolley

2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…However, many studies have reported the opposite, with shorter duration pulsed exposures of higher concentrations causing greater toxicity than longer exposures of lower concentrations because the higher concentrations that achieve an equivalent dose overwhelm the test organisms for even short exposures. For exposures scenarios with equivalent doses, shorter exposures of higher concentrations were more toxic to survival of D. magna exposed to arsenic and copper (Hoang et al, 2007), survival of Daphnia pulex exposed to copper (Ingersoll and Winner, 1982), survival of Melanotaenia fluviatilis exposed to fenvalerate (Holdway et al, 1994), and growth (body mass) of Limnephilus lunatus exposed to fenvalerate (Schulz and Liess, 2000). Several studies have also reported no difference in toxicity to organisms caused by continuous and pulsed exposures when expressing effects based on time-averaged dose, such as survival of Melita plumulosa and D. magna exposed to dissolved copper (Angel et al, 2010) and selenium (Hoang et al, 2007), respectively.…”

Section: And Immobilisation Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of pulsed exposure to organic contaminants such as insecticides and pesticides have been the most studied class of contaminants historically, with fewer and more recent studies of metal contaminants (Diamond et al, 2005;Hoang et al, 2007;Holdway et al, 1994;Naddy et al, 2000;Schulz and Liess, 2000). The observed responses to and relationships between pulse concentration, duration and recovery time in toxicant-free media have been mixed, with the toxic responses varying for different types of contaminants and exposure scenarios, biological species and stage of their life cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-averaged copper concentrations from continuous exposures predicts pulsed exposure toxicity to the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Importance of uptake and elimination

et al. 2015

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Intermittent, fluctuating and pulsed contaminant discharges result in organisms receiving highly variable contaminant exposures. Current water quality guidelines are predominantly derived using data from continuous exposure toxicity tests, and most frequently applied by regulators with the assumption that concentrations from a single sampling event will provide a meaningful approach to assessing potential effects. This study investigated the effect of single and multiple (daily) dissolved copper pulses on the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, including measurements of copper uptake and elimination to investigate the toxic mechanism. Copper pulses of between 0.5 and 24 h and continuous exposures with equivalent 72-h time-averaged concentrations (TACs) resulted in similar biomass inhibition of P. tricornutum, with continuous exposures often being marginally more toxic. Rates of cell division generally recovered to control levels within 24 h of the copper pulse removal. Upon resuspension in clean seawater, the extracellular copper per cell decreased rapidly, whereas the intracellular copper per cell decreased slowly. Negligible loss of copper from the total algal biomass indicated that P. tricornutum did not have an effective mechanism for eliminating copper from cells, rather the intracellular copper decreased as a result of dilution by cellular division as the algal growth rate recovered. The measurement of copper uptake after 72-h exposure and kinetics of elimination thereafter suggest that continuous exposures are marginally more toxic to P. tricornutum than pulsed copper exposures with equivalent TACs because slow internalization and saturation of algal membrane transport sites results in less copper uptake into pulse-exposed cells than continuously-exposed cells coupled with dilution of internalized copper via cellular division in the post-exposure period. In the case of P. tricornutum, the results indicate that water quality guidelines for copper based on continuous exposure will be conservative when applied to short-term discharges. tricornutum than pulsed copper exposures with equivalent TACs because slow internalisation and saturation of algal membrane transport sites results in less copper uptake into pulse-exposed cells than continuously-exposed cells coupled with dilution of internalised copper via cellular division in the post-exposure period. In the case of P. tricornutum, the results indicate that water quality guidelines for copper based on continuous exposure will be conservative when applied to short-term discharges.

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“…Recent investigations have identified acute toxicity problems and the importance of an adequate post-exposure observation period in side-stream studies with P. promelas in urban streams (Crunkilton et al, 1997), and in laboratory spiking studies (Cd, Zn, phenol) with Ceriodaphnia dubia, Pimephales promelas, and Hyalella azteca (Brent and Herricks, 1998;Van Der Hoeven and Gerritsen, 1997). Other laboratory studies have also shown acute 130343.pgs 10/3/00, 11:53 AM 11 and chronic toxicity of short-term exposures using fish and amphipods exposed to chloroamines, metals, and pesticides (Abel, 1980;Abel and Gardner, 1986;Holdway et al, 1994;Jarvinen et al, 1988ab;Meyer et al, 1995;Parsons and Surgeoneer, 1991ab;Pascoe and Shazili, 1986). In general, it appears that exposure to higher concentrations of toxicants for brief time periods is more important that exposure to lower concentrations for longer time periods (Brent and Herricks, 1998;Liess, 1996;Meyer et al, 1995).…”

Section: B Pulse Exposuresmentioning

confidence: 95%

The Role of Traditional and Novel Toxicity Test Methods in Assessing Stormwater and Sediment Contamination

Burton

Pitt

Clark

2000

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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Abstract:Traditional effluent and ambient water column toxicity tests have been used widely for evaluating the contamination of stormwaters and sediments. These assays consist of a routine bioassay exposure design of 1 to 9 days using freshwater and marine/estuarine species known to be sensitive to a wide range of toxicants. While effluent toxicity may be indicative of sediment or stormwater toxicity in the receiving system, the exposure is different, and therefore toxicity cannot be readily predicted. Traditional, standardized, whole effluent toxicity (WET) test methods have been used effectively and also misused in evaluations of whole sediments, pore (interstitial) water, elutriates (extracts), and stormwaters. Results show these methods to be very sensitive to sediment and stormwater toxicity. These traditional toxicity tests are predictive of instream sediment or stormwater effects where significant contamination exists or where exposure concentrations are similar. Modifications of these standardized test methods to include sediments or pore waters have been shown to be as sensitive as short-term, whole sediment toxicity tests using benthic species. However, the added complexity of sediments and stormwaters (e.g., partitioning, high Kow compound bioavailability, suspended solids, sporadic exposures, multiple exposure pathways) dictates that traditional toxicity test applications be integrated into a more comprehensive assessment of ecologically significant stressors. The limitations of the WET testing approach and optimized sample collection and exposure alternatives are frequently ignored when implemented. Exposure to sporadic pulses of contaminants (such as in stormwaters) often produce greater toxicity than exposure to constant concentrations. Lethality from short-term pulse exposures may not occur for weeks after the high flow event due to uptake dynamics. Pore water and elutriate exposures remove sediment ingestion routes of exposure and alter natural sorption/desorption dynamics. Traditional toxicity tests may not produce reliable conclusions when used to detect the adverse effects of: fluctuating stressor exposures, nutrients, suspended solids, temperature, UV light, flow, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity, teratogenicity, endocrine disruption, or other important subcellular responses. This reality and the fact that ecologically significant levels of high K ow compounds may not produce short-term responses in exposures dictates that additional and novel assessment tools be utilized in order to protect aquatic ecosystems. This inablilty to predict effects is largely a result of the complex biological response patterns that result from various combinations of stressor magnitudes, duration, and frequency between exposures and also the interactions of stressor mixtures, such as syngergistic effects of certain pesticides, metals, and temperature. In watersheds receiving multiple sources of stressors, accurate assessments should define spatial-temporal profiles of exposure and effects using a range * Correspon...

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Toxicity of pulse-exposed fenvalerate and esfenvalerate to larval Australian crimson-spotted rainbow fish (Melanotaenia fluviatilis)

Cited by 40 publications

References 27 publications

Toxicity to Melita plumulosa from intermittent and continuous exposures to dissolved copper

Toxicity to Melita plumulosa from intermittent and continuous exposures to dissolved copper

Time-averaged copper concentrations from continuous exposures predicts pulsed exposure toxicity to the marine diatom, Phaeodactylum tricornutum: Importance of uptake and elimination

The Role of Traditional and Novel Toxicity Test Methods in Assessing Stormwater and Sediment Contamination

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