Toxicity of plant-based silver nanoparticles to vectors and intermediate hosts: Historical review and trends

In Vitro Acaricidal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) against the Poultry Red Mite (Dermanyssus gallinae)

“…The fundamental idea behind nanomedicine is the meticulous engineering of nanoparticles that allows for the use of fewer chemical compounds at lower dosages to ensure better treatment outcomes [ 32 ]. According to in vitro bioassays with AgNPs against ticks and mosquitos and bioassays with acaricides against PRM, the 24-h exposure time was chosen as the most appropriate duration for the current bioassays [ 38 , 46 ]. The mean natural mortality rate using deionized water was 7 ± 1.3%, and ideal since it was less than 10%.…”

“…Moreover, AgNPs have been successfully used against different parasites, including helminths (nematodes, cestodes, and trematodes) [ 33 , 34 , 35 ], protozoa, such as Toxoplasma gondii , and Leishmania spp. [ 29 , 30 , 36 , 37 ] and even ectoparasites such as mosquitoes and ticks [ 38 ]. However, their exact mechanism of action remains unknown.…”

Phytofabrication and characterization of Alchornea cordifolia silver nanoparticles and evaluation of antiplasmodial, hemocompatibility and larvicidal potential

“…Indeed, chemical and physical methods are time-consuming, costly and request reagents which are harmful to humans and environment (Shakeel et al, 2016). By blending living organisms (e.g., fungi, viruses, bacteria, alga, plants) or derived products with metal source, green metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are synthesized and then can be tested for different biological and non-biological activities (Honary et al, 2013;Kojom Foko et al, 2019;Bayda et al, 2020;Chugh et al, 2021;Araújo et al, 2022). Also, the utilization of plants is more advantageous than with microorganisms due to increased risk of biohazard and cost to isolate, purify and maintain microbial cultures (Kalishwaralal et al, 2010;Shakeel et al, 2016).…”

“…Regarding biological activities, many studies reviewed biocidal potential of green MNPs against non-communicable diseases (e.g., diabetes, cancer), oxidative stress, diverse pathogens (e.g., bacteria, viruses), and disease vectors (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks) Patil and Chandrasekaran, 2020;Araújo et al, 2022). Roughly, plantbased MNPs show a high biocidal potential, and thus were proposed as new avenues for control of infectious diseases, especially mosquito-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, dengue and chikungunya) for which current control methods are jeopardized due to i) their toxicity to humans and environment, and ii) emergence and spread of drug-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant mosquitoes (Kojom Foko et al, 2019;Kojom Foko et al, 2021).…”

Non-medicinal parts of safflower (bud and stem) mediated sustainable green synthesis of silver nanoparticles under ultrasonication: optimization, characterization, antioxidant, antibacterial and anticancer potential

“…1 Recently, AgNPs have been applied in the elds of biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, catalysis, textiles and optics. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Studies have documented that AgNPs could be physically or chemically synthesized with high yield, but physical methods require harsh conditions like high temperature, vacuum conditions, and sophisticated instruments, and chemical additives are necessary in chemical methods. [15][16][17][18][19] Obviously, these methodologies have high production costs or they may introduce toxic and dangerous chemicals, which have potential biological risks for the environment and health.…”