Toxicity of Parking Lot Runoff After Application of Simulated Rainfall

Greenstein, Darrin J.; Tiefenthaler, Liesl L.; Bay, Steven M.

doi:10.1007/s00244-004-3018-0

Cited by 47 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Assuming that similar rainfall intensities as observed, are able to wash-off the log-yard the same mass of contaminants; higher concentrations will be detected in lower amounts of water, posing then higher toxic effects. Similar results concerning the roles played by hydrological aspects over the toxic effects of runoff have been reported by [2]. The authors also observed that at the same rain intensities, rainfall duration and degrees of toxic effects were inversely related.…”

Section: Rain Events Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…It is widely known that non-point source pollution from urban stormwater runoff discharges a significant number of xenobiotics to water recipients [1], affecting aquatic organisms and deteriorating the ecosystem [2,3]. Although knowledge of stormwater runoff and pollutants transport from urban areas increase, little is known about stormwater runoff generated at industrial sites and their respective environmental impacts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects from log-yard stormwater runoff on the microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus

et al. 2017

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The effects posed by stormwater runoff from an industrial log-yard on the microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus have been investigated. The effects of stormwater runoff sampled during two rain events on the microalgae were determined in different concentrations (% v:v). The test organisms were exposed to the stormwater runoff 96h and the percentage change in growth rates in relation to a control culture were measured at exposure times of 24h, 48h, 72 and 96h. Whereas the runoff from the first rain event posed in most cases growth stimulatory effects, the runoff from the second rain event inhibited algae growth. Differences in runoff physico-chemical characteristics combined with the hydrological factors of each rain event explained these opposite effects. The occurrence of the "first flush" phenomenon was studied and the results confirmed such occurrences in the second rain event. On the basis of normalized inhibitory effects and runoff volume, it was found that 42, 51 and 50% of the inhibitory effects during exposures of 24, 48 and 72h were associated with the initial 4% of the total discharged volume. To conclude it can be stated that since the stormwater runoff of only 2 rain events posed negative effects on the test organisms, the potential environmental threats posed by these waters during the entire hydrological year needs to be better understood in order to propose an adequate management program.

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Section: Rain Events Characteristicssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects from log-yard stormwater runoff on the microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus

et al. 2017

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“…Dissolved trace metals-zinc and copper in particular-have been implicated in toxicity to marine organisms throughout southern California [25]. Toxicity identification evaluations that applied treatments to remove solids did not reduce toxicity, but treatments that bound trace metals (i.e., the addition of EDTA) eliminated virtually all toxicity [26]. These results have been observed not only in stormwater discharges from urbanized watersheds, but from samples collected from large coastal plumes emanating from urbanized watersheds following rain events [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

Schiff

Tiefenthaler

Bay

et al. 2016

Water

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Urban stormwater with large impervious (paved) areas often produces runoff with a variety of contaminants. Although southern California is among the most urbanized coastal areas in the United States, the effect of rainfall variations on washoff efficiency of contaminants from pervious and impervious surfaces is largely unknown. The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of varying rainfall intensities and duration on runoff composition from highly impervious parking lots. In order to control the tremendous natural variability in precipitation of the arid climate in southern California, rainfall simulators were used to generate and quantify pollutant washoff at changing intensities and durations. Washoff of suspended solids, total and dissolved trace metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was strongly inversely correlated with rainfall duration. Rainfall intensity only affected washoff at the smallest measured duration; higher intensities produced decreased concentrations. The effect of rainfall duration was a reflection of the first flush observed in pollutographs for every duration and intensity sampled. Peak concentrations, up to an order of magnitude higher than concentrations later in the event, occurred during the first 10 min after the onset of rainfall. Longer simulated storms effectively diluted the first flush.

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“…Car park runoff quality, like all diffuse urban runoff quality, can be expected to be highly variable (Freni et al, 2008) and is subject to factors such as catchment surface type, storm intensity and frequency and the antecedent conditions (Greenstein et al, 2004). The latter is considered by many investigators to be an important variable and has consistently been incorporated into modelling relationships to describe the build-up of solids, and their associated pollutants, on urban surfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

Revitt

Lundy

Coulon

et al. 2014

Journal of Environmental Management

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Traffic emissions contribute significantly to the build-up of diffuse pollution loads on urban surfaces with their subsequent mobilisation and direct discharge posing problems for receiving water quality. This review focuses on the impact and mitigation of solids, metals, nutrients and organic pollutants in the runoff deriving from car parks. Variabilities in the discharged pollutant levels and in the potentials for pollutant mitigation complicate an impact assessment of car park runoff. The different available stormwater best management practices and proprietary devices are reported to be capable of reductions of between 20% and almost 100% for both suspended solids and a range of metals. This review contributes to prioritising the treatment options which can achieve the appropriate pollutant reductions whilst conforming to the site requirements of a typical car park. By applying different treatment scenarios to the runoff from a hypothetical car park, it is shown that optimal performance, in terms of ecological benefits for the receiving water, can be achieved using a treatment train incorporating permeable paving and bioretention systems. The review identifies existing research gaps and emphasises the pertinent management practices as well as design issues which are relevant to the mitigation of car park pollution.

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Toxicity of Parking Lot Runoff After Application of Simulated Rainfall

Cited by 47 publications

References 13 publications

Effects from log-yard stormwater runoff on the microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus

Effects from log-yard stormwater runoff on the microalgae Scenedesmus subspicatus

Effects of Rainfall Intensity and Duration on the First Flush from Parking Lots

The sources, impact and management of car park runoff pollution: A review

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