Toxicity of Octopus Saliva Against Crustacea*

Ghiretti, F.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1960.tb26417.x

Cited by 84 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Members of the family Octopodidae (which includes the speciose genus Octopus) are mainly benthic (Nixon and Young, 2003). Feeding by octopodids usually involves boring shells (Nixon, 1969(Nixon, , 1979a(Nixon, ,b, 1980Nixon et al, 1980;Nixon and Maconnachie, 1988), or piercing hard external skeletons, followed by injection of immobilizing saliva (Ghiretti, 1959(Ghiretti, , 1960Cariello and Zanetti, 1977) and the manipulation and mastication of tissue into smaller pieces (Altman and Nixon, 1970;Kear, 1994).…”

Section: Cephalopod Buccal Mass Gross Morphology and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of the cephalopod buccal mass: A novel joint type

Uyeno

Kier

2005

J. Morphol.

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The arrangement of the musculature and connective tissues of the buccal mass of the coleoid cephalopods Octopus bimaculoides, Sepia officinalis, and Loliguncula brevis was examined using dissection and histology. Serial sections in three mutually perpendicular planes were used to identify the muscles and connective tissues responsible for beak movements and stability and to describe their morphology and fiber trajectories. Four major beak muscles were identified: the anterior, posterior, superior, and lateral mandibular muscles. The anterior, posterior, and superior mandibular muscles connect the upper beak and the lower beak. Although the lateral mandibular muscles originate on the upper beak, they do not connect to the lower beak and instead insert on a connective tissue sheath surrounding the buccal mass. Examination of the fibers of the lateral mandibular muscles reveals that they have the organization of a muscular hydrostat, with muscle fibers oriented in three mutually perpendicular orientations. Although the beaks are capable of complex opening, closing, and shearing movements, they do not contact one another and are instead connected only by the musculature of the buccal mass. Based on the morphological analysis and observations of freshly dissected beaks undergoing the stereotyped bite cycle, the functional role of the beak muscles is hypothesized. The anterior and superior mandibular muscles are likely responsible for beak closing and shearing movements. The posterior mandibular muscle is likely also involved in beak closing, but may act synergistically with the lateral mandibular muscles to open the beaks. The lateral mandibular muscles may use a muscular-hydrostatic mechanism to control the location of the pivot between the beaks and to generate the force required for beak opening. The lack of contact between the beaks and the morphology of the lateral mandibular muscles suggests that the buccal mass of coleoid cephalopods may represent a previously unexamined flexible joint mechanism. The term "muscle articulation" is proposed here to denote the importance of the musculature in the function of such a joint.

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Section: Cephalopod Buccal Mass Gross Morphology and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional morphology of the cephalopod buccal mass: A novel joint type

Uyeno

Kier

2005

J. Morphol.

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“…Cephalotoxin is the cephalopod protein toxin that causes paralysis and eventual death in crabs. It is synthesized by the posterior salivary gland of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis and the octopus species Octopus vulgaris and O. macropus [105,106]. A cephalotoxin has also been purified from the octopus Eledone cirrhosa [107] and the salivary gland of Octopus dofleini [108].…”

Section: Protein Toxin Of Cephalopodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine Protein Toxins

Nagai¹

2012

Handbook of Marine Natural Products

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“…1 [126]) was first inferred based on distribution. In these octopuses, TTX is prevalent in the posterior salivary glands [52,106,107, 127–129], the typical site of octopus venom [130]. Although the efficacy of the venom against the octopuses’ natural prey has not been quantified or compared to other octopus venoms directly, several human envenomations have been recorded (both lethal and sub-lethal) [131–136].…”

Section: Offensive Function Of Ttx (Venom)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Chemical Ecology of Marine Organisms with Respect to Tetrodotoxin

Williams

2010

Marine Drugs

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The behavioral and chemical ecology of marine organisms that possess tetrodotoxin (TTX) has not been comprehensively reviewed in one work to date. The evidence for TTX as an antipredator defense, as venom, as a sex pheromone, and as an attractant for TTX-sequestering organisms is discussed. Little is known about the adaptive value of TTX in microbial producers; thus, I focus on what is known about metazoans that are purported to accumulate TTX through diet or symbioses. Much of what has been proposed is inferred based on the anatomical distribution of TTX. Direct empirical tests of these hypotheses are absent in most cases.

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Toxicity of Octopus Saliva Against Crustacea*

Cited by 84 publications

References 15 publications

Functional morphology of the cephalopod buccal mass: A novel joint type

Functional morphology of the cephalopod buccal mass: A novel joint type

Marine Protein Toxins

Behavioral and Chemical Ecology of Marine Organisms with Respect to Tetrodotoxin

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