Toxicity of Nanomaterials – New Carbon Conformations and Metal Oxides

Krug, Harald F.; Kern, Katrin; Wörle‐Knirsch, Jörg M.; Diabaté, Silvia

doi:10.1002/9783527610419.ntls0054

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…They are also produced for food and cosmetic chemistry and many other technical applications. 8 The increasing production, particularly of single-walled carbon nanotubes, will enhance the possible exposure at workplaces, packing stations, and during application of these products. 9 In addition, waste treatment and containment at the end of a product's life cycle must be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nanostructured materials come into contact with biological systems through their use in drug delivery systems or for gene transfer. They are also produced for food and cosmetic chemistry and many other technical applications .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this report we focus on the toxicity of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with their unique functions for electronics, engineering and biomedical applications, and as sensors. Among the new carbon modifications described recently in many publications, ,− SWCNTs have a very special and prominent position. Their physical features and mechanical strength are so interesting that people found them suitable for building space elevators and other robust constructions .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oops They Did It Again! Carbon Nanotubes Hoax Scientists in Viability Assays

2006

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New materials of emerging technological importance are single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Because SWCNTs will be used in commercial products in huge amounts, their effects on human health and the environment have been addressed in several studies. Inhalation studies in vivo and submerse applications in vitro have been described with diverging results. Why some indicate a strong cytotoxicity and some do not is what we report on here. Data from A549 cells incubated with carbon nanotubes fake a strong cytotoxic effect within the MTT assay after 24 h that reaches roughly 50%, whereas the same treatment with SWCNTs, but detection with WST-1, reveals no cytotoxicity. LDH, FACSassisted mitochondrial membrane potential determination, and Annexin-V/PI staining also reveal no cytotocicity. SWCNTs appear to interact with some tetrazolium salts such as MTT but not with others (such as WST-1, INT, XTT). This interference does not seem to affect the enzymatic reaction but lies rather in the insoluble nature of MTT−formazan. Our findings strongly suggest verifying cytotoxicity data with at least two or more independent test systems for this new class of materials (nanomaterials). Moreover, we intensely recommend standardizing nanotoxicological assays with regard to the material used: there is a clear need for reference materials. MTT−formazan crystals formed in the MTT reaction are lumped with nanotubes and offer a potential mechanism to guide bioremediation and clearance for SWCNTs from "contaminated" tissue. SWCNTs are good supporting materials for tissue growth, as attachment of focal adhesions and connections to the cytoskeleton suggest.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Oops They Did It Again! Carbon Nanotubes Hoax Scientists in Viability Assays

2006

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“…In connection to nanoparticles it must be asked how man-made nanostructures can possibly interact or influence biological systems? On the one hand, nanosystems are specifically engineered to interact with biological systems for particular medical or biological ap plications ( − ). On the other hand, the large scale production of nanoparticles for either non-medical applications or as side products of combustion processes may have an effect on organisms in all parts of our environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoparticulate Vanadium Oxide Potentiated Vanadium Toxicity in Human Lung Cells

Wörle‐Knirsch

Kern

Schleh

et al. 2006

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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101

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Metal oxides may hold, as nanosized particles, a toxic potential to human health and the environment that is not present in the bulk material. Due to the high surface-to-volume ratio, small amounts can lead to strong oxidative damage within biological systems, impairing cellularfunctions as a consequence of their high surface reactivity. We report here on a new nanosized V203 material that has a needle-like structure with diameters of less than 30 nm and variable lengths. The potentiated toxicity of nanoscale vanadium oxide (V203) compared to bulk material is demonstrated here in human endo- and epithelial lung cells, and might be due to the higher catalytic surface of the particles. Reduction in cell viability is almost ten times stronger and starts with lowest concentrations of "nanoscaled" material (10 microg/mL). Vanadium oxide leads to an induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in a dose dependent manner in ECV304 cells whereas a reduction in protein levels can be observed for the epithelial cells (A549). Lipid peroxidation can be observed also for "nanoscaled" vanadium oxide to a much stronger extent in macrophages (RAW cells) than for bulk material. The observed effects can not only be explained by oxidation from V2O3 to V2O5 as there are significant differences between the novel nano vanadium and all used bulk materials (V203 and V205). It appears rather to be a nanoeffect of a high surface reactivity, here coupled with a yet unknown toxicity potentiating effect of a technically important catalyst.

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“…It must be underlined that ROS is used as a biomarker for oxidative cell stress. It has been shown that lung cells respond to oxidative stress significantly (Krug et al 2006;Nel et al 2006).…”

Section: The Relationship Of Pges To Human Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Impact of the Platinum Group Elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) Emitted by the Automobile Catalyst Converters

Kalavrouziotis

Koukoulakis

2008

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The present paper deals with an extensive review of literature concerning the platinum group elements (PGEs), and their impact on the environment. The increased number of cars and vehicles fitted with catalytic converters, has been linked with the wide spread in the environment of the PGEs, i.e. Pt, Pd and Rh. Numerous studies present compelling evidence that the catalytic converters, do not only minimize the pollution caused by the car exhaust fumes, but also they release in the environment particulate matter containing the above noble elements, which accumulate in the soil, and plants, or remain suspended in the air, being transported to large distances. Indeed, the concentration of these noble elements in the soil and plants has increased significantly during the last 10-15 years, especially along the road side of high ways. Assessment of the PGEs health risk was originally based on measuring the body fluid in Pt, Pd and Rh content of occupationally involved people, as well as of the general population. Recent results based on cellular studies show that the PGEs are related to respiratory sensitization, allergic reactions, dermatitis, urticaria, damage of the epithelial lung cells, asthma, rhinoconjuctivitis, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release and possibly to cancer. In spite of the progress attained, more work is necessary for an accurate health risk assessment.

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Toxicity of Nanomaterials – New Carbon Conformations and Metal Oxides

Cited by 3 publications

References 94 publications

Oops They Did It Again! Carbon Nanotubes Hoax Scientists in Viability Assays

Oops They Did It Again! Carbon Nanotubes Hoax Scientists in Viability Assays

Nanoparticulate Vanadium Oxide Potentiated Vanadium Toxicity in Human Lung Cells

The Environmental Impact of the Platinum Group Elements (Pt, Pd, Rh) Emitted by the Automobile Catalyst Converters

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