Toxicity of nano- and micro-sized ZnO particles in human lung epithelial cells

Lin, Wei−Sheng; Xu, Yi; Huang, Chuan-Chin; Ma, Yinfa; Shannon, Katie B.; Chen, Da‐Ren; Huang, Yue-Wern

doi:10.1007/s11051-008-9419-7

Cited by 350 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…TEM images of control and exposed cells are presented in Figure 3. The results revealed that ZnO particles were mostly located within cytoplasmic vacuoles, whereas, any particle was not observed in uniformly homogeneous vacuoles of control cell, as in previous studies [17,18]. …”

Section: Subcellular Localization Of Znosupporting

confidence: 80%

Cytotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts In Vitro

Şeker

2017

Hittite J. Sci. Eng.

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Z inc oxide (ZnO) is used extensively in various fields, ranging from rubber, ceramics, food and coating to cosmetic, medical and pharmaceutical industry due to its unique properties such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-corrosive, low electrical conductivity and high heat resistance [1,2]. ZnO particles have been incorporated into various polymers to improve the antimicrobial properties of materials for food packaging [3] and wound dressing [4]. Furthermore, antibacterial and antifungal activities of ZnO have received significant interest in endodontics as a filling material in root canal sealers [5,6]. ZnO together with eugenol, called as zinc oxide-eugenol (ZOE), has been used as a filling material for many years in clinical dentistry. Nowadays, new endodontic sealers containing ZnO are still being developed to improve the bioactivity and antibacterial activity of cementation materials [7,8].The evaluation of the possible toxic effects with regard to exposure to chemical or biological agents is crucial for maintaining human health. Therefore, a better understanding of their toxic effects on human health will provide significant insights into their safe use [9]. In order to evaluate the potential toxic effect of a substance, a variety of in vitro assays (e.g., MTT, LDH and ROS) have

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Section: Subcellular Localization Of Znosupporting

confidence: 80%

Cytotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts In Vitro

Şeker

2017

Hittite J. Sci. Eng.

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“…(M. V. Park, et al, 2011) have compared the cytotoxicity, inflammation, genotoxicity and developmental toxicity induced by different-sized silver ENMs (20, 80 and 113nm) and stated that nano-silver particles with the smallest size have exhibited higher toxicity than the larger ones in the assays studied. All such findings suggest that the size of particles is one of the possible factors which may contribute to the toxicity of chemicals; however, in some cases no relationship has been observed between the toxicity of particles and their sizes (Karlsson, et al, 2009;Lin, et al, 2009). …”

Section: Particle Size and Size Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(Q)SAR modelling of nanomaterial toxicity: A critical review

et al. 2015

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There is an increasing recognition that nanomaterials pose a risk to human health, and that the novel engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the nanotechnology industry and their increasing industrial usage poses the most immediate problem for hazard assessment, as many of them remain untested. The large number of materials and their variants (different sizes and coatings for instance) that require testing and ethical pressure towards non-animal testing means that expensive animal bioassay is precluded, and the use of (quantitative) structure activity relationships ((Q)SAR) models as an alternative source of hazard information should be explored.(Q)SAR modelling can be applied to fill the critical knowledge gaps by making the best use of existing data, prioritize physicochemical parameters driving toxicity, and provide practical solutions to the risk assessment problems caused by the diversity of ENMs. This paper covers the core components required for successful application of (Q)SAR technologies to ENMs toxicity prediction, and summarizes the published nano-(Q)SAR studies and outlines the challenges ahead for nano-(Q)SAR modelling. It provides a critical review of (1) the present status of the availability of ENMs characterization/toxicity data, (2) the characterization of nanostructures that meets the need of (Q)SAR analysis, (3) the summary of published nano-(Q)SAR studies and their limitations, (4) the in silico tools for (Q)SAR screening of nanotoxicity and (5) the prospective directions for the development of nano-(Q)SAR models.

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“…Hsiao and Huang [4], for example, were able to demonstrate that the cytotoxicity of ZnO is size-dependent. In contrast, Lin et al [5] examined the differences between nanoscale and submicron zinc oxides (70 and 420 nm) in human lung epithelial cells (A549) and found nearly identical EC 50 values of 13.6 and 14.2 lg/ml. Despite different primary particle sizes, the same hydrodynamic diameter for both of the ZnO types were measured in cell culture media.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Implications of the stability behavior of zinc oxide nanoparticles for toxicological studies

2014

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The increasing use of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in sunscreens and other cosmetic products demands a risk assessment that has to be done in toxicological studies. Such investigations require profound knowledge of the behavior of ZnO in cell culture media. The current study was performed to get well-dispersed suspensions of a hydrophilic (ZnO-hydro) and a lipophilic coated (ZnO-lipo) ZnO nanomaterial for use in in vitro tests. Therefore, systematic tests were carried out with common dispersants (phosphate, lecithin, proteins) to elucidate chemical and physical changes of ZnO nanoparticles in water and physiological solutions (PBS, DMEM). Nonphysiological stock suspensions were prepared using ultrasonication. Time-dependent changes of pH, conductivity, zeta potential, particle size and dissolution were recorded. Secondly, the stock suspensions were added to physiological media with or without albumin (BSA) or serum (FBS), to examine characteristics such as agglomeration and dissolution. Stable stock suspensions were obtained using phosphate as natural and physiological electrostatic stabilizing agent. Lecithin proved to be an effective wetting agent for ZnO-lipo. Although the particle size remained constant, the suspension changed over time. The pH increased as a result of ZnO dissolution and formation of zinc phosphate complexes. The behavior of ZnO in physiological media was found to depend strongly on the additives used. Applying only phosphate as additive, ZnOhydro agglomerated within minutes. In the presence of lecithin or BSA/serum, agglomeration was inhibited. ZnO dissolution was higher under physiological conditions than in the stock suspension. Serum especially promoted this process. Using body-related dispersants (phosphate, lecithin) non-agglomerating stock suspensions of hydrophilic and lipophilic ZnO were prepared as a prerequisite to perform meaningful toxicological investigation. Both nanomaterials showed a non-negligible dissolution behavior that strongly depended on the surrounding conditions. Agglomeration of ZnO particles in physiological media is a complex function of particle coating, used dispersants and serum proteins if supplemented. The present study gives a clear guideline how to prepare and handle suspensions with ZnO for in vitro testing and allows the correlation between the chemical-physical particles behavior with findings from toxicological tests.

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Toxicity of nano- and micro-sized ZnO particles in human lung epithelial cells

Cited by 350 publications

References 45 publications

Cytotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts In Vitro

Cytotoxic Effects of Zinc Oxide on Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts In Vitro

(Q)SAR modelling of nanomaterial toxicity: A critical review

Implications of the stability behavior of zinc oxide nanoparticles for toxicological studies

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