Toxicity of Mycotoxins for the Rat Pulmonary Macrophage in Vitro

Sorenson, W. G.; Gerberick, G. Frank; Lewis, Daniel M.; Castranova, Vincent

doi:10.2307/3430213

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Rats in the P-90 group suffered more structural damage than in the P-60 group. The most prominent damages were the loss of mitochondrial cristae, abundance of free ribosomes, loss of cytoplasmic material in some cells, and nuclear anomalies, which corroborates other investigations (29)(30)(31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…This mechanism of action depletes glutathione and increases the risk of oxidative damage (28), which in turn causes DNA damage (29). Some reports have also suggest that patulin inhibits other cellular processes, such as nucleic acid and protein synthesis (30,31). Burghardt et al (32) reported that patulin could directly affect cellular and mitochondrial glutathione levels and plasma membrane.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Koçkaya

Selmanoğlu

Özsoy

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by several Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssachlamys species growing on food products. In this study, we investigated the effects of patulin on the thymus of growing male rats aged fi ve to six weeks. The rats were receiving it orally at a dose of 0.1 mg kg -1 bw a day for either 60 or 90 days. At the end of the experiment, the thymus was examined for histopathology by light microscopy and for epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) by immunolocalisation. For morphometry we used the Bs200prop program to analyse images obtained with the Olympus BX51 light microscope. Cell ultrastructure was studied by electron microscopy. In rats treated with patulin, the thymus showed haemorrhage, plasma cell hyperplasia, a dilation and fi brosis in the cortex, enlarged interstitial tissue between the thymic lobules, enlarged fat tissue, thinning of the cortex, and blurring of the cortico-medullary demarcation. Electron microscopy showed signs of cell destruction, abnormalities of the nucleus and organelles, and loss of mitochondrial cristae. However, no differences were observed in thymus EGF and EGFR immunoreactivity between treated and control rats.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Koçkaya

Selmanoğlu

Özsoy

et al. 2009

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology

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“…In theory, this would impair the proliferation and differentiation of immune cells and perhaps the synthesis of immunomodulating compounds, including chemokines and immunoglobulins. Patulin has similar effects (398).…”

Section: Hematologic and Immunologicmentioning

confidence: 96%

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

2003

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Damp buildings often have a moldy smell or obvious mold growth; some molds are human pathogens. This has caused concern regarding health effects of moldy indoor environments and has resulted in many studies of moisture- and mold-damaged buildings. Recently, there have been reports of severe illness as a result of indoor mold exposure, particularly due to Stachybotrys chartarum. While many authors describe a direct relationship between fungal contamination and illness, close examination of the literature reveals a confusing picture. Here, we review the evidence regarding indoor mold exposure and mycotoxicosis, with an emphasis on S. chartarum. We also examine possible end-organ effects, including pulmonary, immunologic, neurologic, and oncologic disorders. We discuss the Cleveland infant idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage reports in detail, since they provided important impetus for concerns about Stachybotrys. Some valid concerns exist regarding the relationship between indoor mold exposure and human disease. Review of the literature reveals certain fungus-disease associations in humans, including ergotism (Claviceps species), alimentary toxic aleukia (Fusarium), and liver disease (Aspergillys). While many papers suggest a similar relationship between Stachybotrys and human disease, the studies nearly uniformly suffer from significant methodological flaws, making their findings inconclusive. As a result, we have not found well-substantiated supportive evidence of serious illness due to Stachybotrys exposure in the contemporary environment. To address issues of indoor mold-related illness, there is an urgent need for studies using objective markers of illness, relevant animal models, proper epidemiologic techniques, and examination of confounding factors

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“…T-2 toxin, patulin, and penicillic acid were shown to be acutely toxic to rat AM in vitro, causing membrane damage, inhibition of protein and RNA synthesis, inhibition of phagocytosis, and inhibition of the ability of AM to respond to lymphokines (44)(45)(46)(47). Ayral et al (48) showed that the trichothecenes diacetoxyscirpenol and deoxynivalenol reduce phagocytosis, suppress microbicidal activity, and inhibit superoxide anion production and phagosome-lysosome fusion of peritoneal macrophages at concentrations that did not affect cell viability.…”

Section: Effects Of Mycotoxins On Alveolar Macrophages and Immune Funmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungal spores: hazardous to health?

Sorenson

1999

Environ Health Perspect

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Fungi have long been known to affect human well being in various ways, including disease of essential crop plants, decay of stored foods with possible concomitant production of mycotoxins, superficial and systemic infection of human tissues, and disease associated with immune stimulation such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and toxic pneumonitis. The spores of a large number of important fungi are less than 5 microm aerodynamic diameter, and therefore are able to enter the lungs. They also may contain significant amounts of mycotoxins. Diseases associated with inhalation of fungal spores include toxic pneumonitis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, tremors, chronic fatigue syndrome, kidney failure, and cancer.

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Toxicity of Mycotoxins for the Rat Pulmonary Macrophage in Vitro

Cited by 10 publications

References 7 publications

Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Evaluation of Patulin Toxicity in the Thymus of Growing Male Rats

Indoor Mold, Toxigenic Fungi, andStachybotrys chartarum: Infectious Disease Perspective

Fungal spores: hazardous to health?

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