Toxicity of linear furanocoumarins toSpodoptera exigua: Evidence for antagonistic interactions

Diawara, Moussa M.; Trumble, John T.; White, K. K.; Carson, W. G.; Martinez, L A

doi:10.1007/bf00980684

Cited by 41 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In one case, this restriction was not met, leading them to identify one clearly non-synergistic interaction as synergistic (the combination effects of h-PT with ''Rs-2S3'' in Medium A on growth of the fungus A. brassicola in Table II of their paper). Diawara et al (1993) used a 2 analysis to test for antagonistic effects of chemical combinations on larval mortality. The expected mortality of a chemical combination was determined from the observed mortality of each compound as follows:…”

Section: Methods Used In the Ecological Literature For Detecting Intementioning

confidence: 99%

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Interactions among plant defense compounds: a method for analysis

Nelson

Kursar

1999

Chemoecology

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Plants contain an enormous diversity and quantity of secondary metabolites, some of which are toxic and deterrent to herbivores and pathogens. This impressive diversity of plant compounds suggests a high probability of interactions among them. Synergistic interactions are those in which the combined activity of two or more chemicals is greater than that expected given their individual activities. On the other hand, antagonistic interactions are those in which the combined activity of two or more chemicals is less than that expected given their individual activities. Synergistic interactions could increase plant fitness whereas antagonistic interactions could decrease plant fitness. Interactions are thus potentially very important, not only in explaining the diversity of defense compounds within individual plants, but also in providing insight into plant defense strategies. Although synergistic interactions have received increased attention in the ecological literature in the last decade, the number of documented cases of synergy remains small and antagonistic interactions are rarely considered. The primary reason for this scarcity may be the difficulty of detecting, analyzing and displaying such interactions. Analysis by ANOVA, though sometimes used, often is not appropriate. We introduce a simple technique, isobolographic analysis, that is used in pharmacology for detecting and rigorously quantifying synergy and antagonism and provide an example using the brine shrimp toxicity assay. More statistically sophisticated approaches, such as isobolographic analysis, will allow ecologists to effectively document the role of chemical synergy and antagonism in interactions between species. Such chemical interactions may ultimately provide insight into longstanding, ecological questions.

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Section: Methods Used In the Ecological Literature For Detecting Intementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also mention one case of synergy from crop plants (Terras et al 1993). We know of only one case of antagonism in the ecological literature (Diawara et al 1993). We suggest the primary reason for this scarcity is the difficulty of detecting and analyzing interactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among plant defense compounds: a method for analysis

Nelson

Kursar

1999

Chemoecology

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“…Currently, we know of very few studies that have reported antagonistic interactions (but see Diawara et al, 1993; Nelson and Kursar, 1999; Nuringtyas, 2014). Here, for all five tested PA free bases combined with CGA, significant antagonistic interactions were found on thrips mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples include the combination of two amides (Dyer et al, 2003; Richards et al, 2010; Whitehead and Bowers, 2014), the combination of two potato glycoalkaloids (Smith et al, 2001), the combination of two iridoid glycosides (Richards et al, 2012), the combination of two linear furanocoumarins (Diawara et al, 1993; Calcagno et al, 2002), the combination of PA free bases and PA N -oxides (Macel et al, 2005; Liu et al, 2017) on the performance of herbivores. Perhaps of greater importance is to study interacting effects between metabolites from different chemical classes on plant defense as the chemical properties of different metabolites might facilitate or counteract each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Plant Metabolites Affect Herbivores: A Study with Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids and Chlorogenic Acid

2017

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The high structural diversity of plant metabolites suggests that interactions among them should be common. We investigated the effects of single metabolites and combinations of plant metabolites on insect herbivores. In particular we studied the interacting effects of pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PAs), and chlorogenic acid (CGA), on a generalist herbivore, Frankliniella occidentalis. We studied both the predominantly occurring PA N-oxides and the less frequent PA free bases. We found antagonistic effects between CGA and PA free bases on thrips mortality. In contrast PA N-oxides showed synergistic interactions with CGA. PA free bases caused a higher thrips mortality than PA N-oxides while the reverse was through for PAs in combination with CGA. Our results provide an explanation for the predominate storage of PA N-oxides in plants. We propose that antagonistic interactions represent a constraint on the accumulation of plant metabolites, as we found here for Jacobaea vulgaris. The results show that the bioactivity of a given metabolite is not merely dependent upon the amount and chemical structure of that metabolite, but also on the co-occurrence metabolites in, e.g., plant cells, tissues and organs. The significance of this study is beyond the concerns of the two specific groups tested here. The current study is one of the few studies so far that experimentally support the general conception that the interactions among plant metabolites are of great importance to plant-environment interactions.

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“…In most studies, bergapten has been found to occur in highest concentrations, followed by xanthotoxin, but psoralen is often observed only in trace quantities (Trumbe et al, 1990;Trumbe et al, 1992;Diawara et al, 1993). However, other studies have found that xanthotoxin (Beier et al, 1983) or psoralen (Diawara et al, 1993;Trumble et al, 1990) is most abundant (Stanley-Horn, 1999).…”

Section: Name Of Compoundmentioning

confidence: 99%