Toxicity of Inhaled Nanomaterials

Pickrell, John; Erickson, Larry E.; Dhakal, Kiran; Klabunde, Kenneth J.

doi:10.1002/9780470523674.ch22

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Human exposure to urban airborne particulate matter (PM) is associated with a range of damaging health impacts, encompassing cardiovascular, respiratory, and neurological damage, , with no known “safe” level. , Depending on its sources, urban PM can consist of a complex mixture of phases, compositions, and sizes. Particles less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ) can enter the airways and upper lung area, particles of <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) can reach the alveolar region, and ultrafine particles (<0.1 μm) enter the blood circulation system . Whereas short-term (<1-h) exposure to peak PM 10 concentrations has been associated particularly with cardiovascular and respiratory effects, , longer-term, cumulative exposure to relatively small increases (<10 μg m –3 ) in ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations also impacts adversely on human health .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particles less than 10 μm in aerodynamic diameter (PM 10 ) can enter the airways and upper lung area, particles of <2.5 μm (PM 2.5 ) can reach the alveolar region, and ultrafine particles (<0.1 μm) enter the blood circulation system. 5 Whereas shortterm (<1-h) exposure to peak PM 10 concentrations has been associated particularly with cardiovascular and respiratory effects, 6,7 longer-term, cumulative exposure to relatively small increases (<10 μg m −3 ) in ambient PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations also impacts adversely on human health. 8 Active reduction of ambient, rather than peak, PM 10 concentrations has been shown to result in marked improvements in health and lifeexpectancy outcomes.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of Roadside Tree Lines on Indoor Concentrations of Traffic-Derived Particulate Matter

Maher

Ahmed

Davison

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to airborne particulate pollution is associated with premature mortality and a range of inflammatory illnesses, linked to toxic components within the particulate matter (PM) assemblage. The effectiveness of trees in reducing urban PM10 concentrations is intensely debated. Modeling studies indicate PM10 reductions from as low as 1% to as high as ~60%. Empirical data, especially at the local scale, are rare. Here, we use conventional PM10 monitoring along with novel, inexpensive magnetic measurements of television screen swabs to measure changes in PM10 concentrations inside a row of roadside houses, after temporarily installing a curbside line of young birch trees. Independently, the two approaches identify >50% reductions in measured PM levels inside those houses screened by the temporary tree line. Electron microscopy analyses show that leaf-captured PM is concentrated in agglomerations around leaf hairs and within the leaf microtopography. Iron-rich, ultrafine, spherical particles, probably combustion-derived, are abundant, form a particular hazard to health, and likely contribute much of the measured magnetic remanences. Leaf magnetic measurements show that PM capture occurs on both the road-proximal and -distal sides of the trees. The efficacy of roadside trees for mitigation of PM health hazard might be seriously underestimated in some current atmospheric models.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Roadside Tree Lines on Indoor Concentrations of Traffic-Derived Particulate Matter

Maher

Ahmed

Davison

et al. 2013

Environ. Sci. Technol.

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Particles less than 10 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM10) can enter the upper lung area, particles of <2.5 µm(PM2.5) can reach the alveolar region, and ultrafine particles(<0.1µm) can enter the blood circulation system. [2] Whereas short term(<1h) exposure to peak PM10 concentrations has been associated particularly with cardiovascular and respiratory effects [3] , longer-term, cumulative exposure to relatively small increases (<10 µg•m−3) in ambient PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations also impacts adversely on human health [4,5] . Although atmospheric particles may also be transported over long distances, peak concentrations tend to occur close to roads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Particulates in a Near-Road Environment

Cao

Zhang²,

Liu³

et al. 2014

AMR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The distribution of particulate matters is now receiving significant attention given their role in human health and respiratory related diseases. The concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 were measured in different test points near the road. Two sampling campaigns were conducted in this study. The results indicated that a gradual decrease in the concentrations of particulate matters with distance from the edge of the road. The concentrations of these particulates decreased with the increase of height when the sites were under trees or other vegetations, while the concentrations of these particulates increased with the increase of height when the sites were higher than the height of trees or other vegetations.

show abstract

“…The objective of the present work was to study film materials possessing UV-protective properties based on low-density polyethylene and a biologically-compatible nano-material [1,10], nanocrystalline silicon, synthesised using a plasma chemistry method. This process enables an ncSi to be mass-produced that is of adequate purity and at a low enough cost.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanocomposite films with UV-Protective Properties Based on Polyethylene with Ultra-Disperse Silicon

Olkhov

Goldshtrakh

Крутикова

et al. 2011

International Polymer Science and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Translated by R. WalkdenPolymer film materials based on polyethylene containing between 0.5% and 1.0% by wt. nanocrystalline silicon (ncSi) with excellent strength properties have been produced. Specimens of ncSi with a mean core diameter of 7-10 nm were synthesised using plasma chemistry methods and laser-induced breakdown of monosilane. Spectral studies indicate an almost total (up to ~95%) absorption of UV radiation by films 85 microns thick in the 200-400 nm area with a 1.0% by wt. ncSi content in them. Using the method of full-profile modelling of X-ray diffraction patterns, and assuming that the crystallites are spherical in shape and have a log-normal distribution, the particle size distribution density functions in the initial powders and polymer films containing immobilised silicon nano-crystallites were derived. X-ray analysis results show that the distribution function for crystallite dimensions remains virtually unaltered with implantation of initial ncSi specimens in a polymer matrix, while the degree of crystallinity of the initial polymer increases (~10%).

show abstract

Toxicity of Inhaled Nanomaterials

Cited by 6 publications

References 73 publications

Impact of Roadside Tree Lines on Indoor Concentrations of Traffic-Derived Particulate Matter

Impact of Roadside Tree Lines on Indoor Concentrations of Traffic-Derived Particulate Matter

The Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Particulates in a Near-Road Environment

Nanocomposite films with UV-Protective Properties Based on Polyethylene with Ultra-Disperse Silicon

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About