Toxicity of Indocyanine Green Injected Into the Subretinal Space

Lee, Ji Eun; Yoon, Tae Jin; Oum, Boo Sup; Lee, Jong Soo; Choi, Hee Young

doi:10.1097/00006982-200310000-00012

Cited by 69 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In vitro and in vivo experimental studies demonstrated direct toxicity of ICG on the pigment epithelium and neurosensory re t i n a (11,(17)(18)(19). These adverse effects were correlated with the sodium concentration in the ICG solvent (20,21), osmolarity (10,22), ICG exposure time (17), and the concentration of the solution (8)(9)(10)(23)(24)(25)(26). Some of these investigators proposed the use of 5% glucose rather than balanced salt solution (BSS) to dilute ICG and pre f e r re d infracyanine green (noniodinated ICG) to ICG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Acuity after Vitrectomy and Epiretinal Membrane Peeling with or without Premacular Indocyanine Green Injection

2005

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual Acuity after Vitrectomy and Epiretinal Membrane Peeling with or without Premacular Indocyanine Green Injection

2005

European Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] However, there appears little doubt that in some circumstances ICG ILM peeling may be toxic to the retina with impaired acuity outcome, RPE pigmentary change and visual field defects being reported. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]25 Factors that have been considered to be important in this toxicity include dye concentration, tonicity, contact time, and a photodynamic action associated with long wavelength endoillumination. We have used the dye at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml (0.05%) diluted in 5 mg/ml in aqueous solvent and then one in 10 in BSS, with the shortest possible retinal contact time and use of a Bausch and Lomb Millenium or Alcon Accurus light source.…”

Section: Icg-assisted Ilm Peelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 This manoeuvre is greatly facilitated by the use of indocyanine green (ICG) dye; 3 there are, however, reports of adverse functional outcome when this dye has been used. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Nuclear sclerotic cataract is a very common complication of macular hole surgery, as a consequence of which some surgeons perform simultaneous 'prophylactic' clear lens extraction with lens implantation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcomes of macular hole surgery: implications for surgical management and clinical governance

Jaycock

Bunce

Xing

et al. 2004

Eye

101

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Purpose The optimal method and timing of the surgical treatment for idiopathic macular holes remains unknown. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify factors associated with anatomical and visual success in macular hole surgery. Methods Case records of 55 patients undergoing macular hole surgery at three units in the 2-year period up to July 2002 were reviewed to identify factors associated with anatomical and visual success. The following potential prognosticators were evaluated: patient age, hole stage, hole latency prior to surgery, preoperative acuity, simultaneous phacoemulsification, and intraocular lens implantation, internal limiting membrane peeling with and/or without indocyanine green, and postoperative posturing. Results The duration of preoperative symptoms, indocyanine green-assisted internal limiting membrane peeling, hole stage, and better preoperative visual acuity were associated with both anatomical success and regaining a postoperative visual acuity of 6/12 or better. Discussion The closure rate in patients undergoing surgery within 1 year of onset was 94.0%, and in those waiting 1 year or more it was 47.4%. Clinical governance and quality issues should dictate that NHS macular hole surgery is available to all within 1 year of onset. This study showed no adverse effect of ICG dye retinal staining. The results support the use of a 'patientfriendly' approach of simultaneous cataract surgery with no prone postoperative posturing.

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“…Most notable among previous works on the photodegradation process in ICG is the work of Holzer et al 28 The study, however, is based on either very low ͑e.g., 10 M͒ or very high ͑e.g., 1.5 mM-toxic level 29 ͒ concentrations of ICG. Moreover, the work was predominantly geared toward characterizing the stability of above two concentrations of ICG ͑in different solvents͒ based on the initial probability of photobleaching.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular contrast optical coherence tomography: a pump-probe scheme using indocyanine green as a contrast agent

Yaqoob

McDowell

et al. 2006

J. Biomed. Opt.

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Abstract. The use of indocyanine green ͑ICG͒, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved dye, in a pump-probe scheme for molecular contrast optical coherence tomography ͑MCOCT͒ is proposed and demonstrated for the first time. In the proposed pump-probe scheme, an optical coherence tomography ͑OCT͒ scan of the sample containing ICG is first acquired. High fluence illumination ͑ϳ190 kJ/ cm 2 ͒ is then used to permanently photobleach the ICG molecules-resulting in a permanent alteration of the overall absorption of the ICG. A second OCT scan is next acquired. The difference of the two OCT scans is used to determine the depth resolved distribution of ICG within a sample. To characterize the extent of photobleaching in different ICG solutions, we determine the cumulative probability of photobleaching, B,cum , defined as the ratio of the total photobleached ICG molecules to the total photons absorbed by the ground state molecules. An empirical study of ICG photobleaching dynamics shows that B,cum decreases with fluence as well as with increasing dye concentration. The quantity B,cum is useful for estimating the extent of photobleaching in an ICG sample ͑MCOCT contrast͒ for a given fluence of the pump illumination. The paper also demonstrates ICG-based MCOCT imaging in tissue phantoms as well as within stage 54 Xenopus laevis.

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Toxicity of Indocyanine Green Injected Into the Subretinal Space

Abstract: The results of this study suggest that the ICG of 1.25 mg/mL or higher concentration has toxicity to the outer retina of the rabbit and may cause adverse effects on the functional outcome after macular hole surgery.

Cited by 69 publications

References 27 publications

Visual Acuity after Vitrectomy and Epiretinal Membrane Peeling with or without Premacular Indocyanine Green Injection

Visual Acuity after Vitrectomy and Epiretinal Membrane Peeling with or without Premacular Indocyanine Green Injection

Outcomes of macular hole surgery: implications for surgical management and clinical governance

Molecular contrast optical coherence tomography: a pump-probe scheme using indocyanine green as a contrast agent

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