Toxicity of Hydrogen Sulfide on Rat Brain Neurons

Abstract

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic compound known as a member of the gasotransmitter family. H2S has the ability to inhibit the cytochrome c oxidase enzyme in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Mitochondria play an important role in energy production and the brain needs energy for normal function. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. This study investigated the mechanisms of cytotoxicity induced by H2S in brain neurons. thioacetamide has been used to produce H2S in water solutions. The results of the study showed that thioacetamide at concentrations of 116, 232 and 464 µg/ml was able to increase the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), collapse in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), damage to the lysosomal membrane, increase in the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and decrease in the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in brain neurons. The results of the study suggested that H2S causes damage to mitochondria and lysosomes in brain neurons that could be associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

Protective effect of Allium jesdianum in an Alzheimer's disease induced rat model

“…Brewer et al's method was used to isolate neurons from rats (Seydi et al 2022). The cortex, hippocampus, and other parts were dissected brie y.…”

The Ying and Yang of Hydrogen Sulfide as a Paracrine/Autocrine Agent in Neurodegeneration: Focus on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

“…During glutamate-induced oxidative stress, the levels of cellular cystine and GSH decline in association with the increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and deleterious changes in the cellular oxidant/antioxidant balance [ 113 , 114 ]. Furthermore, H 2 S decreases the level of GSH and increases the levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG), causing a reduction in one of the most important intracellular antioxidant pathways [ 115 ]. Hence, we may infer that an increased concentration of H 2 S, reaching toxic levels, could be deleterious for oligodendrocytes for two concurring reasons: the activation of glutamate receptors, particularly NMDAR [ 80 ], mediating an increase in Ca 2+ [ 113 ], and the decreased levels of GSH leading to increased levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 116 ].…”

Impact of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Injuried Nasal Mucosa in Chronic Atrophic Rhinitis

“…Саме із цими ефектами H 2 S деякі автори пов'язують позитивний вплив зрошення слизової оболонки дихальних шляхів термальними водами (які містять H 2 S) на перебіг респіраторних хвороб [17]. Однак надмірне надходження H 2 S до клітин (при передозуванні донаторами H 2 S, при збільшеній його продукції ендогенними ферментами або бактеріаями) відбувається ушкодження мітохондрій та лізосом (із вивільненням протеолітичних ферментів) [18]. Тому збільшена концентрація H 2 S у слизовій оболонці носа хворих на ХАР є негативним явищем та може бути причиною збільшеної інтенсивності колагенолізу та розвитку оксидативного ушкодження біологічних полімерів у цій групі.…”