Toxicity of Four Chemotherapeutic Agents to Rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus

Abstract

As aquaculture evolves from extensive pond culture to intensive tank and cage systems, chemical dips and baths are increasingly being used to treat a concomitant increase in ectoparasitic and bacterial infestations. Some of the main disease‐causing agents are ectoparasites on the skin and gills of fish. Consequently, application of chemotherapeutics is increasing in aquaculture industries in order to control outbreaks of parasitic infestations. However, the toxic effect of commonly used chemotherapeutic agents on specific aquacultured fish species is often unknown. The present work was performed to test the effect of four commonly used chemical treatments on rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus. The lethal concentrations for 50% of population (LC50) of formalin, copper sulfate, potassium permanganate, and hydrogen peroxide for S. rivulatus juveniles treated for 1 h were assessed. Formalin and potassium permanganate tolerance values were determined by calculating 72‐h LC50 values through probit analysis. The 72‐h LC50 values for the formalin toxicity tests were 551.0 and 1.68 mg/L, respectively. LC50 of copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide could not be determined from the concentrations tested but were found to be >3 and >700 mg/L, respectively. Accordingly, treatment concentrations of formalin and potassium permanganate used for other fish species could be lethal to S. rivulatus, but the species appears to be quite tolerant to copper sulfate and hydrogen peroxide.

Toxic, physiological, histomorphological, growth performance and antiparasitic effects of copper sulphate in fish aquaculture

“…For Oncorhynchus mykiss, the 48h-LD 50 was 0.75 mg L − 1 (Brown and Dalton, 1970). For Siganus rivulatus juveniles, the 72h-LD 50 was >3.0 mg L − 1 (Nasser et al, 2017), while for Ctenopharyngodon idella juveniles, was 2.01 mg L − 1 (Nekoubin et al, 2012). In contrast, the 72h-LD 50 was 40.6 mg L − 1 for Oreochromis niloticus (Mohamed et al, 2008).…”

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

“…For Danio rerio adults, the 1h‐LC 50 of formalin was 648.0 mg/L, and for Carassius auratus adults was 272 mg/L (Intorre et al, 2007). For Danio rerio larvae, the 144 h‐LC 50 of formalin varied of 0.2 to 4.9 Mn (Meinelt et al, 2005), and for Siganus rivulatus juveniles, the 72 h‐LC 50 of formalin was 551.0 mg/L (Nasser et al, 2017). For Lophiosilurus alexandri larvae with 7 days post‐hatch (ph), the 12 h‐LC 50 of formalin was 108.9 mg/L and for larvae of 45 days was 244.4 mg/L (Neves et al, 2020).…”

A Review of Salinity's Impact on Relevant Aquatic Drug Approval Technical Sections

“…In saltwater species, such as the Rivulated Rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus and Bullseye Puffer Sphoeroides annulatus, the 72-h LC50 of formalin was 551.0 and 79 mg/L, respectively (Fajer-Ávila et al 2003;Nasser et al 2017); the 96-h LC50 values in American Eel Anguilla rostrata, Atlantic Salmon, Florida Pompano, and Striped Bass were 81, 69, 69.1, and 10.84 mg/L, respectively (Birdsong and Avault 1971;Bills et al 1977;Hinton and Eversols 1978;Reardon and Harrell 1990). In freshwater fish, 96-h LC50 values for formalin range from 26 to 1,020 mg/L (McKim et al 1976;Bills et al 1977;Wellens 1982).…”

“…2003; Nasser et al. 2017); the 96‐h LC50 values in American Eel Anguilla rostrata , Atlantic Salmon, Florida Pompano, and Striped Bass were 81, 69, 69.1, and 10.84 mg/L, respectively (Birdsong and Avault 1971; Bills et al. 1977; Hinton and Eversols 1978; Reardon and Harrell 1990).…”