Abstract:ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the insecticidal effect or repellency of Cyperus rotundus, an important weed plant, through alternative methods of extraction, on Diabrotica speciosa, a pest that affects several plant species. The experimental design was completely casual, and consisted of five repetitions. The C. rotundus extracts were prepared using leaves and roots by alcoholic extraction, aqueous (hot water) extraction and aqueous (cold water) extraction and diluted to four different co… Show more
“…Fresh weight (25 %) of the separately picked leaves, stems and roots (25gram) was mixed in 100 % distilled water (100 ml). The mixture was boiled at 100 o C then conditioned until it was cool (Barbosa et al, 2011). Afterwards five concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of each plant were prepared by dilution with distilled water and these were tested against O. hyalinipennis.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) were immersed for 1 minute in each concentration [1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and control (water only)] of each extract. These leaves were maintained in the shade and under free air for two h until excess water evaporated (Barbosa et al, 2011). After this, 20 O. hyalinipennis freshly emerged adults were released in Petri dishes to check mortality.…”
Owing to large scale use of chemical insecticides there is always need to find new alternatives to chemical insecticides. This study evaluated the aqueous extracts of three weeds namely Datura alba (Nees), Withania somnifera (Linnaeus) and Chenopodium album (Linnaeus) for insecticidal potential against Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) under laboratory conditions. Extracts were prepared from three plant parts e.g., leaves, stems and roots and applied at five concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 %. To check the mortality not because of weed extracts control treatment (water only) was also included as sixth treatment. Mortality of pest insects was assessed after three exposure periods e.g., 24h, 48 hand 72 h. Among the three weeds tested, mortality was more due to extract of D. alba weed which thus proved more toxic compared to other two weeds. Among plant parts, root extracts were more potent than leaves and stem extracts and the more concentration of 20 per cent usually resulted in maximum mortality. Maximum mortality of insects was after 72 h period followed by 48 h and minimum was after 24 h period. However maximum mortality of 60 % in case of D. alba warrants attention towards the options of either increasing concentration (> 20 %) of this extract or to evaluate other extraction type e.g., ethanolic extract to gain maximum mortality against this notorious pest.
“…Fresh weight (25 %) of the separately picked leaves, stems and roots (25gram) was mixed in 100 % distilled water (100 ml). The mixture was boiled at 100 o C then conditioned until it was cool (Barbosa et al, 2011). Afterwards five concentrations (1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of each plant were prepared by dilution with distilled water and these were tested against O. hyalinipennis.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Leaves of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) were immersed for 1 minute in each concentration [1%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and control (water only)] of each extract. These leaves were maintained in the shade and under free air for two h until excess water evaporated (Barbosa et al, 2011). After this, 20 O. hyalinipennis freshly emerged adults were released in Petri dishes to check mortality.…”
Owing to large scale use of chemical insecticides there is always need to find new alternatives to chemical insecticides. This study evaluated the aqueous extracts of three weeds namely Datura alba (Nees), Withania somnifera (Linnaeus) and Chenopodium album (Linnaeus) for insecticidal potential against Oxycarenus hyalinipennis (Costa) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) under laboratory conditions. Extracts were prepared from three plant parts e.g., leaves, stems and roots and applied at five concentrations ranging from 1 to 20 %. To check the mortality not because of weed extracts control treatment (water only) was also included as sixth treatment. Mortality of pest insects was assessed after three exposure periods e.g., 24h, 48 hand 72 h. Among the three weeds tested, mortality was more due to extract of D. alba weed which thus proved more toxic compared to other two weeds. Among plant parts, root extracts were more potent than leaves and stem extracts and the more concentration of 20 per cent usually resulted in maximum mortality. Maximum mortality of insects was after 72 h period followed by 48 h and minimum was after 24 h period. However maximum mortality of 60 % in case of D. alba warrants attention towards the options of either increasing concentration (> 20 %) of this extract or to evaluate other extraction type e.g., ethanolic extract to gain maximum mortality against this notorious pest.
“…Cyperusrotundus L. (Cyperaceae) is a weed that grows in fields and on the canal borders. Cyperus(known as Su'd) is consideredthe main weed species in cultivated soils in tropical areas [25,26]. C. rotundus is rich in alkaloids, nanthraquinone, coumarins, steroids, triterpenes, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and resins.…”
C ephalopina titillator (C. titillator) [Clark, Diptera: Oestridae] only attacks camels and damage tissues causing economic losses and reduction of fertility. The present work evaluated two common essential plant oils from Cyperusrotundus (C. rotundus) (Cyperaceae) and Zingiber officinale (Z .officinale) (Zingiberaceae), which are considered ecofriendly and have the ability to kill larvae. Scanning electron microscopic examinations were done to demonstrate alterations of the respiratory spiracles after exposure to the essential oils. Three different concentrations 30, 50, 100 µl/ml of oils in distilled water were prepared. Few drops of Tween 80 were added as an emulsifier to the used essential oils. Five 3 rd instar larvae were used in each treatment then dipping procedure was applied five times. Each group of larvae was immersed for 60s in each dilution for each oil and the solution was continuously stirred. Dead larvae were counted after 24 hrs. Samples of treated and control larvae were fixed for Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The essential oils were very toxic to C. titillator larvae. Results of dipping bioassays showed that mortality of treated larvae was concentration-dependent. At the 100µl/ml concentration, there was 100% mortality of larvaefor both oils. The posterior spiracles were damaged and showed severe distortion of both lips. C. rotundus and Z. officinale oils have great potential to be developed as a novel larvicidea gainst C. titillator larvae and they could be used as nasal drench .They may be an effective, inexpensive control for this pest.
Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is considered a pest of maize crops throughout the Western Hemisphere. We report on the effects of aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of Copaifera langsdorffii (Fabaceae) on the biology of S. frugiperda, as an alternative source of natural bioactive molecules for the sustainable management of this pest. Second instars were sprayed with aqueous extracts prepared with 5% (w/v) plant material and/or fed on an artificial diet containing extracts at a concentration equivalent to 0.25% (w/v) for 17 days. Both leaf and bark extracts of C. langsdorffii significantly reduced S. frugiperda food intake, feces, and larval weight and caused a delay in larval development. Additionally, C. langsdorffii-based extracts increased the oviposition period; induced morphological changes in the eggs, including deformation of the corium and malformation of the micropylar and aeropylar regions; and reduced egg viability. But, aqueous extracts of C. langsdorffii exhibited no negative effects on larval and pupal survival, duration of the pupal stage, survival of pupae, sex ratio, longevity, duration of pre-oviposition period, and female fecundity. Aqueous extracts of leaves and bark of C. langsdorffii are promising alternatives for the control of S. frugiperda in maize crops.
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