Toxicity of Diflubenzuron in Larvae of Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae): Effects of Host Plant

Toxicity of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki to Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar, Fed with Alder or Douglas-Fir

“…Foliage of the two food plants differed during the feeding period in levels of nitrogen (mean % dry weight: alder, 2.0%; Douglas-fir, 1.3%), phenolics (alder, 1146 mg/g; Douglas-fir, 368 mg/g), and terpenes (absent in alder; 3973 p..g/g in Douglas-fir). Such differences are consistent with earlier studies (Moldenke et al, 1992;Berry et al, 1993). In those studies, however, alder-fed larvae were more, rather than less, susceptible to the chemical insecticides used.…”

Toxicity of acephate to larvae of gypsy moth as a function of host plant and bioassay method

“…In gypsy moth, increased levels of detoxication enzymes and altered insecticide susceptibility have been associated frequently, though not invariably, with nutrients and dietary allelochemicals (Sheppard & Friedman, 1989;Lindroth et al, 1990Lindroth et al, , 1993Moldenke et al, 1992;Berry et al, 1993;Moldenke et al, 1994). In our previous studies (Moldenke et al, 1992(Moldenke et al, , 1994Berry et al, 1993), gypsy moth larvae fed Douglas-fir tolerated topically applied carbaryl and diflubenzuron and orally administered diflubenzuron and Bacillus thuringiensis better than did larvae fed alder. In this study, in contrast, larvae fed alder were more tolerant of orally administered acephate, and diet did not affect tolerance of topically applied acephate.…”

“…Although intensive spraying has obliterated these infestations, repeat occurrences remain a constant threat. This study and our related work (Miller & Hanson, 1989;Joseph et al, 1991Joseph et al, , 1993Miller et al, 1991a,b;Moldenke et al, 1992;Berry et al, 1993;Moldenke et al, 1994) were undertaken to evaluate the ability of gypsy moth originating in the eastern United States to adapt to western vegetation and the effectiveness of several control measures used in the East against gypsy moth feeding on western host plants. We therefore obtained the eggs for this study from Maryland.…”

“…Feeding larvae during the assay period should relieve stress caused by starvation and might increase tolerance. Several studies have shown that toxicity of insecticides to gypsy moth (Moldenke et al, 1992;Berry et al, 1993;Moldenke et al, 1994) and other insects (Terriere, 1984;Yu, 1986;Brattsten, 1988) differs with host plant, but we know of no previous studies that have directly assessed toxicity with respect to food availability after treatment.…”

Effects of buprofezin and diflubenzuron on various developmental stages of Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri

“…Buprofezin (2‐ tert ‐butylimino‐3‐isopropyl‐5‐phenyl‐3,4,5,6‐tetra‐hydro‐2‐thiadiazine‐4‐one) is effective against a wide range of hemipteran pests, including Aonidiella aurantii, Bemisia tabaci, Nilaparvata lugens and Trialeurodes vaporariorum 11–16. Diflubenzuron [1‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐3‐(2,6‐difluorobenzoyl) urea] is effective in the management of Cacopsylla melanoneura, C. pyri, Lambdina fiscellaria fiscellaria, Lymantria dispar and Spodoptera littoralis 17–21. IGRs are effective against several phloem‐feeding and sap‐sucking insects and thus are suitable candidates for integration into D. citri management programs.…”