Toxicity of Dextran in Rats

Edlund, T.; Lofgren, Beth; Váli, László

doi:10.1038/170125a0

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The et:fect, however, was attributed to alloxan itself and not to the diabetic state. 33 Subsequent studies revealed that regardless of what the immediate eects of alloxan may be, decreased inflammatory reactions in alloxan diabetic animals are obviously related to the diabetic state, since they can be obtained for several days following the injection of alloxan and can be reversed by insulin treatment. Alloxan diabetic rats fail to present the characteristic cutaneous oedema ('anaphylactoid' response) which follows the intravenous injection of dextran or egg white.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal control of inflammatory responses

Garcia-Leme

Farsky

1993

Mediators of Inflammation

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Almost any stage of inflammatory and immunological responses is affected by hormone actions. This provides the basis for the suggestion that hormones act as modulators of the host reaction against trauma and infection. Specific hormone receptors are detected in the reactive structures in inflamed areas and binding of hormone molecules to such receptors results in the generation of signals that influence cell functions relevant for the development of inflammatory responses. Diversity of hormonal functions accounts for recognized pro- and anti-inflammatory effects exerted by these substances. Most hormone systems are capable of influencing inflammatory events. Insulin and glucocorticoids, however, exert direct regulatory effects at concentrations usually found in plasma. Insulin is endowed with facilitatory actions on vascular reactivity to inflammatory mediators and inflammatory cell functions. Increased concentrations of circulating glucocorticoids at the early stages of inflammation results in downregulation of inflammatory responses. Oestrogens markedly reduce the response to injury in a variety of experimental models. Glucagon and thyroid hormones exert indirect anti-inflammatory effects mediated by the activity of the adrenal cortex. Accordingly, inflammation is not only merely a local response, but a hormone-controlled process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal control of inflammatory responses

Garcia-Leme

Farsky

1993

Mediators of Inflammation

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“…Profound but reversible thrombocytopenia was reported in subjects receiving drug for more than 3 days and extensive but reversible alopecia in a few subjects . Moreover, there have been few studies in which the anaphylactoid reaction of dextran has been reported in rats. − Further, Seo et al reported the genetic toxicity (chromosomal damage) incurred by dextran-coated SPION in HepG2 cells by formation of intracellular ROS . The study did not link dextran directly to the observed toxic effects, but the nontoxic nature of dextran in this study needs further investigation.…”

Section: Toxicity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 69%

Polysaccharide-Based Theranostic Systems for Combined Imaging and Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges

Gupta

Sood

Fuhrer

et al. 2022

ACS Biomater. Sci. Eng.

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Designing novel systems for efficient cancer treatment and improving the quality of life for patients is a prime requirement in the healthcare sector. In this regard, theranostics have recently emerged as a unique platform, which combines the benefits of both diagnosis and therapeutics delivery. Theranostics have the desired contrast agent and the drugs combined in a single carrier, thus providing the opportunity for real-time imaging to monitor the therapy results. This helps in reducing the hazards related to treatment overdose or underdose and gives the possibility of personalized therapy. Polysaccharides, as natural biomolecules, have been widely explored to develop theranostics, as they act as a matrix for simultaneously loading both contrast agents and drugs for their utility in drug delivery and imaging. Additionally, their remarkable physicochemical attributes (biodegradability, satisfactory safety profile, abundance, and diversity in functionality and charge) can be tuned via postmodification, which offers numerous possibilities to develop theranostics with desired characteristics. Hence, we provide an overview of recent advances in polysaccharide matrix-based theranostics for drug delivery combined with magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, and ultrasound imaging. Herein, we also summarize the toxicity assessment of polysaccharides, associated contrast agents, and nanotoxicity along with the challenges and future research directions.

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“…These changes were considered to be vehicle-related, as also confirmed in a follow-up experiment, and were probably caused by the hypersensitivity of rats to dextran, a component of the media formulation. This reaction is well known in rats and is not expected in humans [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Safety of Repeated Administration of Xenogeneic Human Apoptotic State (Allocetra-OTS) in Sprague Dawley Rats

Ankri,

Hershkovitz,

Hershkovitz

et al. 2024

Pharmaceutics

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Apoptotic cells possess immunomodulatory effects that can be utilized to treat imbalanced immune conditions. Information on the preclinical safety of such treatment is sparse. In this study, the safety of apoptotic cells (Allocetra-OTS) was assessed in a GLP toxicological study on Sprague Dawley rats. Three doses of Allocetra-OTS or vehicle were administered intravenously (IV) for 3 consecutive days. Animals in the main study were sacrificed on day 4, while animals from the recovery groups were kept for 14 or 28 days. Allocetra-OTS was well tolerated, and no adverse effects were observed in terms of body weight, clinical signs, food consumption, or ophthalmologic observation. Thus, the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) dose was determined as the highest dose administered. An observed elevation in immune cells was suspected to be due to Allocetra-OTS, similarly to other clinical chemistry parameters; however, it was resolved in the recovery phases. Splenomegaly and dose-related extramedullary hematopoiesis (EMH) in the red pulp were observed, with no adverse events, and were considered to be a normal and expected reaction following the IV administration of cell-based therapies. In conclusion, under the conditions of this study, Allocetra-OTS was concluded to be safe, further supporting its potential candidacy for clinical studies.

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Toxicity of Dextran in Rats

Cited by 22 publications

References 2 publications

Hormonal control of inflammatory responses

Hormonal control of inflammatory responses

Polysaccharide-Based Theranostic Systems for Combined Imaging and Cancer Therapy: Recent Advances and Challenges

Safety of Repeated Administration of Xenogeneic Human Apoptotic State (Allocetra-OTS) in Sprague Dawley Rats

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